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PHRM820 > PBA #1 > Flashcards

PBA #1 Flashcards

1
Q

low blood pressure range for adults

A

< 60 bpm

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2
Q

normal blood pressure range for adults

A

60-100 bpm

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3
Q

high blood pressure range for adults

A

> 100 bpm

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4
Q

normal blood pressure range for conditioned athletes

A

50-100 bpm

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5
Q

normal respiratory rate for adults

A

12-20 rpm

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6
Q

normal systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

< 120 mm Hg

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7
Q

normal diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

< 80 mm Hg

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8
Q

elevated systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

120-129 mm Hg

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9
Q

elevated diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

< 80 mm Hg

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10
Q

stage 1 hypertension systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

130-139 mm Hg

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11
Q

stage 1 hypertension diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

80-89 mm Hg

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12
Q

stage 2 hypertension systolic blood pressure range for adults

A

> = 140 mm Hg

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13
Q

stage 2 hypertension diastolic blood pressure range for adults

A

> = 90 mm Hg

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14
Q

tension headache symptoms

A

-dull, bilateral “hatband” pain
-constant, not pulsing
-may or may not have photophobia or phonophobia
-stiff neck muscles

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15
Q

migraine headache symptoms

A

-unilateral pulsing/throbbing pain
-nausea and vomiting
-may cause photophobia or phonophobia
-10% - 30% of patients have prodromal symptoms

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16
Q

migraine aura headache symptoms

A

-often starts before or at onset of migraine
-may last ~5-60 minutes
-tingling in extremities
-changes in vision/blind spots/flashes of light
-sensory changes

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17
Q

cluster headache symptoms

A

-unilateral/centered behind an eye
-severe, debilitating, constant pain
-nausea/vomiting
-photophobia and phonophobia
-runny nose, nasal congestion, and eyelid swelling

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18
Q

additional information on tension headaches

A

-caused by stress or anxiety
-gradual onset
-variable duration (hours to days)
-can be treated by analgesics, caffeine, and stress management

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19
Q

additional information on migraine headaches

A

-caused by neuronal or vascular changes
-sudden onset
-lasts 4-72 hours
-treatments include dark room, lying down, botulism toxin (Botox), triptans, and biologics

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20
Q

additional information on cluster headaches

A

-caused by hypoxia or histamine or serotonin release
-sudden onset
-lasts 15 minutes to 3 hours (can last for months)
-treated with oxygen

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21
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-ocular yellow/green discharge (often worse in the morning)
-may start in one eye and spread to the other
-red/pink eyes
-eye pain and blurred vision

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22
Q

viral conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-usually clear, watery discharge
-red/pink eyes
-may have other upper respiratory tract symptoms (i.e., runny nose, sore throat, cough)
-eye pain

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23
Q

allergic conjunctivitis symptoms

A

-eye itching or discomfort
-clear watery discharge
-pink/red eyes
-sneezing or runny nose

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24
Q

dry eye conjunctivitis symptom

A

sandy/gritty feeling or like something is stuck in the eye

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25
Q

irritant conjunctivitis symptom

A

foreign body in the eyes (i.e., chemicals, smoke, objects, chlorine, etc.)

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26
Q

blepharitis symptom

A

inflammation of the edge of the eyelid

27
Q

otitis externa (swimmer’s ear) symptoms

A

-ear pain or swelling with or without purulent discharge
-fever
-hearing impairment

28
Q

otitis media symptoms

A

-ear pain (children will tug at ear, be cranky, or feel bad)
-decreased hearing
-fever

29
Q

otitis media with effusion symptoms

A

-fullness in ear and/or decreased hearing
-ear popping when yawning
-no pain or fever

30
Q

cerumen impaction symptoms

A

-hearing impairment
-pain or ringing in ears

31
Q

ototoxicity symptoms

A

-hearing loss
-ringing in ears
-dizziness

32
Q

allergic rhinitis symptoms

A

-watery eyes
-clear runny nose
-post-nasal drip
-sneezing
-coughing
-itchy eyes, ears, and nose

33
Q

viral sinusitis symptoms

A

-inflammation and/or infection of the sinuses
-headache
-facial pain or pressure
-fever

34
Q

bacterial sinusitis symptoms

A

-inflammation and/or infection of the sinuses
-purulent nasal discharge
-headache
-facial pain or pressure
-fever

35
Q

pharyngitis symptoms

A

-pain when swallowing
-sore or scratchy throat
-hoarse voice
-tonsillar swelling with or without pus
-bad breath
-fever

36
Q

canker sores symptom

A

white, painful sores on the inner lining of the mouth

37
Q

cold sores symptoms

A

-painful reddish blisters that may rupture and form crusty lesions on the soft tissues
-may flare when stressed

38
Q

oral candidiasis (thrush) symptoms

A

-white patches/plaque on the tongue, inner cheek, or throat
-cotton-like feeling in mouth
-occasional pain on swallowing

39
Q

gingivitis symptoms

A

-bad breath
-red/swollen gums that may bleed easily

40
Q

when to refer for headaches

A

-uncontrolled hypertension
-trauma
-neck stiffness
-fever, weakness, or fatigue (signs and symptoms of infection)
-stroke
-confusion
-frequent occurrences (> 15 per month)
-sudden, frequent onset headaches in older population
-OTCs are ineffective
-having migraine/cluster headaches

41
Q

when to refer for eye problems

A

-eye pain
-significant vision changes
-unable to remove foreign body
-photophobia
-trauma
-symptoms are worsening or not improving
-self-care options have been unsuccessful
-contact lens wearers
-exposure to chemicals
-severe eye redness
-bacterial conjunctivitis

42
Q

when to refer for ear problems

A

-severe pain with or without visible swelling
-signs of infection
-foreign objects in ear
-trauma/bleeding
-ruptured tympanic membrane (eardrum)
-symptoms for more than 4 days
-children younger than 12
-immunocompromised at baseline
-cognitive impairment

43
Q

when to refer for nose problems

A

-severe sinus pain or headache not relieved by OTC analgesics
-signs of bacterial infection (i.e., purulent discharge, initial improvement then worsening, more than 7 days of symptoms)
-changes in vision

44
Q

when to refer for throat problems

A

-trouble swallowing or breathing
-high fever
-bacterial
-symptoms last for > 7 days (pharyngitis)
-immunocompromised patients
-oral candidiasis
-gingivitis
-lesions covering a large area or causing significant pain
-symptoms not relieved in 1-2 weeks

45
Q

pharmacologic treatments for headaches

A

-ibuprofen
-acetaminophen
-aspirin + caffeine + acetaminophen (Excedrin)

46
Q

pharmacologic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

antibiotic eye drops (Rx only)

47
Q

pharmacologic treatments for viral conjunctivitis

A

-eye lubricants
-ocular decongestants
-oral antihistamines

48
Q

pharmacologic treatments for allergic conjunctivitis

A

-antihistamine/vasoconstrictor eyedrops
-mast cell stabilizers (i.e., cromolyn eyedrops)

49
Q

pharmacologic treatment for dry eye conjunctivitis

A

artificial tears

50
Q

pharmacologic treatment for blepharitis

A

artificial tears

51
Q

pharmacologic treatments for otitis externa

A

-antibacterial and/or glucocorticoid ear drops
-antiseptic ear drops
-oral analgesics (i.e., acetaminophen or ibuprofen)

52
Q

pharmacologic treatments for otitis media

A

-analgesics or antipyretics
-oral antibiotics if not resolved within 48 hours

53
Q

pharmacologic treatments for otitis media with effusion

A

-analgesics
-pressure equalization tubes

54
Q

pharmacologic treatments for water clogged ear

A

-ear drying agents (i.e., isopropyl alcohol)
-ear plugs when in water

55
Q

pharmacologic treatment for cerumen impaction

A

cerumenolytic agents (i.e., mineral oil, carbamide peroxide (Debrox), acetic acid, saline, hydrogen peroxide)

56
Q

pharmacologic treatments for ototoxicity

A

-aspirin
-loop diuretics (i.e., furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide)
-aminoglycosides (i.e., gentamycin, tobramycin, neomycin)
-chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., cisplatin and carboplatin)
-antimalarials (i.e., quinine and chloroquine)

57
Q

pharmacologic treatments for allergic rhinitis

A

-nasal saline rinses
-intranasal steroid sprays (i.e., fluticasone and budesonide)
-oral antihistamines (i.e., cetirizine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, loratadine)
-intranasal antihistamines (i.e., azelastine)
-decongestants (i.e., pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, intranasal oxymetazoline)
-montelukast

58
Q

pharmacologic treatments for sinusitis

A

-if lasts > 7 days, then antibiotics
-analgesics (ibuprofen or acetaminophen)
-oral or intranasal decongestants

59
Q

pharmacologic treatments for pharyngitis

A

-benzocaine/phenol cough drops or spray
-oral analgesics
-antibiotics (if bacterial)

60
Q

pharmacologic treatment for canker sores

A

topical benzocaine or viscous lidocaine (Rx)

61
Q

pharmacologic treatments for cold sores

A

-docosanol (Abreva)
-oral antivirals (acyclovir and valacyclovir; Rx only)

62
Q

pharmacologic treatment for oral candidiasis

A

antifungals (oral or topical)

63
Q

pharmacologic treatment for gingivitis

A

antiseptic rinses

PHRM820 (1 decks)

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