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microbiology 205 > Payengcha > Flashcards

Payengcha Flashcards

Bacterial Disease

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1
Q

keratin

A

waterproof protein that is found in epitheal cells

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of skin nourished by diffusion and renewed every 15-30 days

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3
Q

microflora

A

on skin surface that makes it hard for colonization of pathogens

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4
Q

acidic skin pH

A

normal skin is acidic and this helps discourage pathogenic growth of bacteria

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5
Q

sweat

A

from sudoriferous glands. Contributes to organic substances and salts that lowers the skins pH and increase salinity which inhibits the growth of some pathogens especially in armpit and groin

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6
Q

sebaceous gland

A

produce oil (sebum) made up of organic acids and lipids

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7
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

causes pimples, sty, abscess, boils, carbuncle

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8
Q

scalded skin syndrome

A

caused by exfoliantins: exotoxins produced by S. aureus. Most common in infants and can produce high fever and bacterium even death.

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9
Q

scarlet fever

A

caused by S. pyogenes- a strain that has been infected by a temperate phage that allows them to produce erythrogenic toxin (scarlet rash)

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10
Q

pyoderma

A

pus producing infection caused by staph, strept or corynebacteria

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11
Q

Impetigo

A

a pyoderma extremely contagious common in infants

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12
Q

acne lesions

A

caused by S. aureus and Propionibacterium (the more serious acne causing bacteria)

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13
Q

Eschar

A

dead crusty scab that forms over burns and can seal in deadly infection caused by burns. DEBRIDEMENT is treatment

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14
Q

nosocomial infections

A

infections picked up from being in hospital

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15
Q

burn infection

A

caused by Pseudomonas aeurginosa, serriata marcescen and providentia species

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16
Q

UTI

A

most common of all infections and is seen mostly in females and older women due to incomplete emptying of bladder

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17
Q

E. coli

A

causative agent in 80% of cases of UTI due to wiping back to front

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18
Q

Prostatits

A

inflammation of the prostate also 80% caused by E.coli and can lead to sterility

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19
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

when UTI spreads to the nephron tubes of the kidney and causes a kidney infection. often requires antibiotics

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20
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

immune complex disease that sometimes follow streptococcal or viral infections. may result in permanent residual kidney damage.

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21
Q

leptosporosis

A

caused by spirochete Leptopspira interrogens. Contracted when humans come into contact with contaminated urine from rats, dogs, cats

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22
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

caused by S. aureus occurs with abrasive tampons left in too long.

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23
Q

gonorrhea

A

caused by intracellular diplococci and usually remains asymptomatic

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24
Q

syphilis

A

caused by spirochete treponema pallidum transfered by sti but can be passed by saliva. develop lesions on hands and lips as well as genitals.

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25
Q

congenital syphilis

A

occurs when spirochete crosses from mom to baby

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26
Q

chlamydia trachomatis

A

most common STI in the US. can be asymptomatic, cause sterility and blindness in newborns

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27
Q

Healthy lower respiratory tract

A

sterile

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28
Q

mucocilary escalator

A

cilia that help move microbes up and out of your lungs

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29
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

contains 400 species of normal micro flora which include staph epidermis, corynebacteria and staph. aureus

30
Q

pharyngitis

A

streptococcus sore throat

31
Q

laryngitis

A

haemophilus influenzae caused by strept pneumoniae

32
Q

epiglottitis

A

block airway and cause death

33
Q

sinusitis

A

caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenze, S. aureus, S. pyogenes with 5-10% caused by dental orgins

34
Q

bronchitis

A

caused by S. pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, haemophilus, strept and staph
Inflammation of the bronchi but does not extend to the alveoli. about 15% have chronic

35
Q

pneumonia

A

bronchitis spread to the lung

36
Q

diptheria

A

caused by corynebacterium dipthereial that has an exotoxin gene. FORMS pseudomembranes that can block airway.

37
Q

whooping cough (pertussis)

A

caused by bordetella pertussis and is called Kennel cough in dogs. Preventable by vaccination. Has 4 stages.

38
Q

Catarrhal Stage (Stage 1 of pertussis)

A

fever, sneezing, vomiting, cough

39
Q

Paroxysmal Stage ( Stage 2 of pertussis)

A

mucus and bacteria build up, violent bacteria

40
Q

Cyanosis Stage (Stage 3 of pertussis)

A

bluing of skin due to lack of oxygen

41
Q

Convalescent Stage ( Stage 4 of pertussis)

A

happens in 1-6 wks

42
Q

Pneumonia

A

1 leading cause of death due to infectious disease in the US.

43
Q

Lobar

A

affects lobe of lungs (S. pneumoniae causes about 95% of cases)

44
Q

Bronchial

A

begins in bronchi and spreads towards alveoli often a secondary infection that affect newborns and elderly

45
Q

walking pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumoniae)

A

no cell wall, unique shape, slow growing

46
Q

Legionnaries Disease

A

caused by Legionella pneumohia. can spread through air condition vents, water supply if bacteria infect amoeba in present water. Named due to outbreak in 1976 at a convention of war veterans in PA that led to 29 deaths.

47
Q

Tuberculosis

A

caused by a variety of mycobacterium species

48
Q

M. avium intracellulare complex

A

most prevalent TB causative bacteria in HIV patients

49
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

cream cheese center of granulomas

50
Q

miliary tuberculosis

A

when TB spreads to other organs

51
Q

Peyer patch

A

protects small intestines from infection

52
Q

large intestines

A

main job is to reabsorb water and vitamin K is an important byproduct

53
Q

last 1/3 of small intestines

A

facultative and obligate anaerobes

54
Q

caries

A

tooth decay due to acidic waste from bacteria of plauge

55
Q

asiatic cholera

A

caused by vibrio cholerae spread by fecal contamination in water supply

56
Q

traveler’s diarrhea (Dheli Belly, Montezuma’s revenge)

A

caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli and effects travelers exposed to new strain with geographical regions

57
Q

enterohemorrhagic strain of E. coli

A

0157:H7 food posioning

58
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis treated with antibiotics

59
Q

C. Diff

A

clostridium difficle (bad diarreha) very common often due to long term high does of antibiotics that destroy normal flora

60
Q

Bacterial Meningitdis

A

inflammation of the meninges caused by several bacteria

61
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

causes 2-3k deaths a year occurs within 12-48 hrs

62
Q

Haemophilus Meningitis

A

caused by haemophilus influenza type B (hib) most common among children
there is a vaccine

63
Q

Listeriosis

A

meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, gram + bacillus. transmitted by improperly processed milk, cheese, meat and can pass from mom to baby through placenta

64
Q

Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy)

A

caused by Mycobacterium leprae

65
Q

tuberculoid

A

loss of skin pigment and sensation in leprosy

66
Q

lepromatos

A

causes large disfiguring skin lesions called lepromas in Leprosy

67
Q

Tetanus

A

caused by clostridium tetani it is obligate anaerobe, gram+, spore forming (deep cut like stepping on a nail)

68
Q

Tetanus neonatorum

A

tetanus spread through raw stump of an umbilical cord by contaminated knife after baby is born

69
Q

Botulism

A

most potent toxin known 1oz. can kill the whole US. Obligate anaerobe. Caused by clostridium botuilnium occurs in 3 forms: food borne, infant and wound

70
Q

Food Borne

A

90% of Botulism

71
Q

infant boutulism

A

feed honey to infants through pacifier

72
Q

wound

A

occurs in very deep wound where conditions are favorable

microbiology 205 (1 decks)

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