Pavlov Flashcards
If responding is motivated by something nice and the CS predicts something nasty, will the animal respond more or less?
Less
If responding is motivated by something nasty and the CS predicts something nasty, will the animal respond more or less?
More
Specific Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) would suggest that:
A food paired tone associated with a left lever press should also or should not signal food throughout all pavlovian, instrumental and test phases?
A stimulus predicting one reward elevates performance of responding to the same reward (congruent responding), more than responding for the other (incongruent responding).
What is an example of Specific Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) in the real world?
Smoking cigarettes
-it is illegal to have pictures of tobacco on cig packages as it acts as a conditioned stimulus, making the person want to go and buy more cigarettes due to seeing the tobacco. (congruent responding)
-without the picture of the tobacco it is incongruent responding, reducing the chance of buying/ smoking and becoming addicted.
Memories or associations can be cued by the context that was present when you formed it. Contexts can be smells, places, drug states. This is known as?
State dependant or contextual control.
Cases which the environment/ context of learning helps you retrieve a memory ( similar to congruency responding)
The same stimulus may be associated with 2 different outcomes:
Which association retrieved may be conditional on the context in which the stimulus was presented
eg. Red light might mean traffic light to stop or red light district in A
eg. Jam might mean traffic jam or the spread
Discriminative/Occasion-setting control of associations:
Stimulus or context that is present when an association
is formed can also control access to that association in a special kind of state dependence
Give an example involving the tickling and tidying up situation:
The effects of these controlling stimuli do not depend on Pavlovian conditioning – they are something else
Tidying up:
When the association is instrumental R>S it is called a discriminative stimulus (Sd)
Child will probably only tidy up if that specific parent is enforcing behaviour
Cough predicting tickle:
When the associations is classical S>S the controlling stimulus is called an occasion setter
Child will probably only pre laugh or scream if the person who always tickled them is the one who was coughing. (not any random)
When the association is instrumental R>S it is called a what stimulus?
discriminative stimulus (Sd)
When the associations is classical S>S the controlling stimulus is called a what stimulus?
occasion setter
Discriminative control of classical associations:
Group FP: Light > tone > food
tone > no food
The light is followed by the tone,
which is then followed by food.
Animals respond more to the tone when the
light has just been on.
Next stage:
Group PP: Light > tone > food
tone > no food light > no food
What were the performances from both groups?
Performance is the same
Light is controlling conditioned responding to the
tone even when it doesn’t predict food itself
Q- Is the light a special controller stimulus for the
tone> food association?
The role of a parent in the tidying up example in instrumental conditioning (Controls behaviour) is also known as which type of stimulus?
discriminative stimulus (Sd)
Animals learn to only press the lever for food when the Sd is present – it controls access to R> food
Question: in Group Sd is the Clicker a classically conditioned CS or something else?
If it is just a CS, it should block acquisition of associative strength by the light, just as in Group CS
If it doesn’t have associative strength it should not.
Findings showed:
Learn about light in the control group where
clicker has no strength no blocking
Learn less about the light in the CS group where
clicker does have strength blocking
In Sd group clicker behaves like the light in the
control group – as though it has no strength
Clicker is controlling responding despite not
being a signal for food
is the clicker a special controller stimulus
for the response> food association? YES
Latent inhibition: hard to learn about familiar things
Subjects: four sheep and four goats
CSs: rotor & flashing light
US: shock
We find it harder to form associations with familiar things
eg. if we have a starter we always have it at a restaurant and get a noel main: next day food poisoning then we will blame the illness on the novel dish.
