Patterns, trends and global crime Flashcards
Give two examples of how age effects offending crime rates
1) Young people commit more crime
2) Many offenses have peak ages
What does McVie say about measuring age in crime?
The way ages are grouped effects how easily patterns and trends are spotted.
Give two examples of how gender effects offending crime rates
1) Males commit around 80% of all offences
2) Girls are more likely to stop offending after their teens
What is the chivalry thesis?
Belief that females get treated more leniently when punished for offences
Give two examples of how social class effects offending crime rates.
1) Crime rate is higher in lower class
2) Criminals are more likely to grow up in care or poverty
Who investigated criminals in relation to violence and drugs?
Williams
Who found that criminals are more likely to grow up in care or poverty?
Social Exclusion unit
What organisation explored the rates of crime between genders and ethnicities?
Ministry of Justice
Give two examples of how ethnicity effects offending crime rates
1) Black and Asian people are more likely to be stopped and searched
2) Eastern Europeans are more likely to be seen as criminals despite a very low crime rate
Who found that black people are more likely to be convicted despite lack of evidence?
Bowlings and Phillips
Give two examples of how age effects victim crime rates.
1) Older people are more likely to fear crime whilst young people are more likely to be victims of it
2) People over 40 more likely to suffer from serious injuries
Give two examples of how gender effects victim crime rates
1) Women are 7x more likely to be victims of assault
2) Over 50% of female homicide was by husbands
What did Stanko find about the 24 hour study on domestic abuse?
Only few led to arrest
Give two examples of how social class effects victim crime rates
1) Poorer suffer more via no insurance
2) Unemployed are 2x likely to be victims of violence
What is ‘multiple victimisation’?
Multiple social problems increasing chances of experiencing crime
Give two examples of how ethnicity effects victim crime rates
1) Mixed, black and Asian are more likely to be victims of crime
2) 5x more likely to be murdered if black than white
What is globalisation?
Globalisation is the process of people, companies and governments becoming more interconnected due to new technology.
What is global organised crime?
Crime that goes beyond national borders and police forces in a specific country, making it hard to define, find and punish
What are examples of global organised crime?
Drug trafficking, sex trafficking, wildlife crime, money laundering
What does Gastro say about global organised crime?
The stereotypical figure of the Italian mafia boss is outdated and inaccurate.
What does Castells say about global organised crime?
Crime groups are like business organisations
What does Robertson say about global organised crime?
Both local and global crime intertwining is called ‘glocalisation’.
What is green crime?
Crime that damages or endangers the environment
Why may small states not deal with major green crime?
Planet is an ecosystem so some crimes are too big to try and tackle
What do green criminologists say about green crime?
There are legal activities that are just as damaging than the illegal activities e.g. deforestation, CO2 emissions
How does Carrabine define primary green crime?
The environment itself is damaged
How does Carrabine define secondary green crime?
Crime in response to primary crime e.g. imprisoning activists and hiding dumped waste
What did former hitman Bobby Cummines say about crime?
‘I’m a businessman and my business is crime’
