Patterns of Subsistence and Modes of Production

Question 1

In Wallerstein’s world economy model:

Answer 1

the world economy is stratified in a core, periphery and semiperiphery.

Question 2

The dominant pattern of making a living in a culture is:

Answer 2

The mode of production

Question 3

What is Foraging?

Answer 3

It’s an extensive strategy requiring access to large areas of land and unrestricted population movement.

Question 4

What is Horticulture?

Answer 4

It’s a mode of production based on cultivating domesticated plants in gardens using hand tools.

Question 5

In analyzing division of labour and status in horticultural societies, anthropologists observe that:

Answer 5

Control over production seems critical in determining status.

Question 6

What characterizes relations between pastoralists and neighbouring peoples?

Answer 6

Pastoralists typically form trade links with foragers, horticulturalists or farmers to obtain food and other goods that they cannot produce themselves.

Question 7

What is family farming?

Answer 7

It is an intensive strategy that involves growing crops on permanent plots with the use of plowing.

Question 8

Which of the following is not characteristic of industrial agriculture?

a) increased use of technology
b) increased use of capital
c) increased use of energy
d) increased sustainability
e) increased production

Answer 8

d) increased sustainability

Question 9

In industrial societies:

a) the bulk of goods are produced not to meet basic needs but to satisfy consumer demands for nonessential products.
b) all goods are produced in factories and serve to meet consumer demands for both essential and nonessential products.
c) social stratification is reduced as there is a leveling of class differences.
d) class conflict leads to social revolution as industry cannot produce all the products needed to satisfy essential needs.
e) the informal sector decreases in importance over time.

Answer 9

a) the bulk of goods are produced not to meet basic needs but to satisfy consumer demands for nonessential products.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a feature of Tiwi contemporary modes of production?

a) The Tiwi now live in settled villages.
b) Tiwi art is now marketed nationally in Australia and is gaining international recognition.
c) The Tiwi are active in public affairs and politics.
d) The Tiwi are managing tourism with dignity and awareness.
e) Access to manufactured goods allowed the Tiwi to completely abandon all foraging.

Answer 10

e) Access to manufactured goods allowed the Tiwi to completely abandon all foraging.

Question 11

Human adaptation refers to:

Answer 11

Both cultural and genetic adjustments to the environment

Question 12

In preindustrial societies, property rights are assigned frequently to ?

Answer 12

Assigned to groups

Question 13

Foragers:

a) may grow crops
b) may have livestock
c) may burn grasslands or forests
d) were in all biomes in the 20th century

Answer 13

c) may burn grasslands or forests

Question 14

Foraging as a way of life:

a) is still widespread around the world
b) is an inferior means of adaptation
c) is almost gone because other people took foragers’ lands away
d) is too difficult to be a viable way of life

Answer 14

c) is almost gone because other people took foragers’ lands away

Question 15

The two components of technology are tools and :

Answer 15

cultural knowledge in exploiting the environment

Question 16

One of the characteristics of pastoralism is:

a) nomadism
b) the payment of tribute to the state
c) that pastoralists take land away from cultivators
d) their frequent barbecues

Answer 16

a) nomadism

Question 17

True or False

The characteristic technology of horticulture is draft animals and plows.

Answer 17

False

It is a mode of production based on cultivating domesticated plants in gardens using hand tools.

Question 18

True or False

Intensive agriculture as a greater potential than horticulture in the production of a food surplus.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or False

Most pastoralists raise crops that they feed to their livestock.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

The Basseri of Iran:

a) are famous for their wet rice agriculture
b) were ruled by a hereditary chief
c) are famous for domesticating beets and sorghum
d) live off the milk and blood of their pets

Answer 20

b) were ruled by a hereditary chief