Patterns Of Reactivity Flashcards
Do all metals react with acid
No, some don’t like silver and copper
What are the metals in order from most to least reactive
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, tin, lead, copper, silver, gold
What is the mnemonic to remember the order of reactivity
Please send little Charlie’s monkeys and zebras in tall lead cages securely guarded.
What is metal+ oxygen
Metal oxide
What happens when copper is heated with oxygen
The reddish brown copper turns black
What happens when iron is heated with oxygen
Orange sparks
What happens when magnesium is heated with oxygen
Bright white light formed a white powder
Put these in order of most to least reactive
Iron magnesium and copper
Magnesium then iron then copper
Magnesium + oxygen=
Magnesium oxide
Iron+ oxygen =
Iron oxide
Copper+ oxygen =
Copper oxide
What safety precautions should you use when alkali metals react with water
Safety screen
Safety glasses
Metals stored under oil
Why are lithium, sodium and potassium under oil in their jars in the experiment
They could react with the water/moisture up in the air
List these from most to least reactive
Sodium, lithium, potassium
Potassium then sodium then lithium
Finish this equation
Metal+ water
Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
How does copper react with water
Doesn’t react
How does magnesium react with water
A few bubbles of gas, reacts slowly
How does calcium react with water
Sinks and rises, bubbles of gas, vigorous reaction, calcium disappears
What 2 things are produced when metals react with water
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen
What’s M.A.S.H?
Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen
Shat is usually produced when a metal reacts with an acid?
Salt and hydrogen gas ( you hear a squeaky pop)
Which metals should you not put in acid and why
Potassium , sodium and lithium.
They are explosive
What was surprising about aluminium and water
Aluminium is high on the reactive series but it took 10 minutes before it started bubbling lots and turning grey.
Why is aluminium good for greenhouses
It resists corrosion as it forms a protective oxide layer on its surface and this protects the aluminium. Costed in aluminium oxide
What happens with potassium and water
Moves across the surface and catches fire. Reacts violently. Burns with lilac flame.
What happens with magnesium and water
A few bubbles form in the surface. Reacts slowly
What happens with lead and water
No change. No reaction
What can be used to speed up a reaction
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed during the reaction
What do bubbles in test tubes tell us about the reactivity of the metal in it
That it reacts with acid to produce a hydrogen gas
What’s the word equation for the reaction of metal with dilute acid
Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen
What’s the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acid
Magnesium + sulfuric acid —> magnesium sulfate + hydrogen
What happens when you put a copper strip into silver nitrate solution and why
Silver crystals form on the piece of copper and the colourless solution turned slightly blue/green
The copper is displacing silver from its compound as it’s more reactive than silver.
What’s a word equation for copper and silver nitrate
Silver nitrate+ copper —> copper nitrate + silver
Word equation for magnesium and iron sulfate and what happens
Magnesium + iron sulfate —> magnesium sulfate + iron
Black solid forms
What is displacement
When a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal from its compound
How can we tell when displacement has happened
Colour changes , fizzing , heat
What are ships built from and why
Steel because it’s strong, cheap and readily available
What’s steel made from
Iron ( extracted from iron oxide)
Complete the word equation
Iron + water + oxygen
Iron + water + oxygen —> hydrated iron + oxide
Why isn’t gold a good alternative to steel
It’s too soft and expensive
What is stainless steel and does it rust
Made by adding chromium to steel
Doesn’t rust
When do we use aluminium instead of steel
When it needs to be lightweight
What’s copper used for
Water pipes and wires
What would happen to an iron nail in water and oxygen
Lots of rust
What would happen to an iron nail in oxygen and calcium chloride ( drying agent)
No rust
What would happen to an iron nail in water and no oxygen
A little bit of rust as it’s hard to get all the oxygen out
What would happen to an iron nail in water , oxygen and if it’s galvanised with zinc
No rust
Chemical name for rust
Hydrated iron (iii) oxide
What are the 2 conditions required for rusting
Oxygen and water
What are some methods of preventing rust and when could you use them
Painting - gate.
Oiling- machinery.
Plastic coating .
Galvanising-iron nail .
Sacrificial protection - hull of a ship.
How does a plastic coating help prevent rust
Presents air and moisture reaching the iron
What’s galvanising
When iron objects are coated with a more reactive metal like zinc or chromium
What’s the cheapest method of preventing rust
Painting or oiling
Why was silver used to make coins
It’s not reactive and it’s cheap
Why is copper used to make electrical wires and cables
Cheap, not reactive , ductile, good conductor of electricity
Word equation for magnesium and copper sulfate
Magnesium + copper sulfate —> magnesium sulfate + copper
Why wouldn’t a nail rust when it’s covered in zinc or magnesium
Because zinc and magnesium are more reactive than iron
Put these in order from most to least reactive
Nickel , magnesium, copper, zinc
Magnesium, zinc, nickel, copper
Finish the word equation
Calcium+ water—
Calcium+ water — calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Word equation for potassium and water
Potassium + water — potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
Word equation for magnesium and water
Magnesium + water — magnesium hydroxide+ hydrogen
An example of when you should use sacrificial protection?
When attaching zinc bars to ships. The water will react with the zinc before the iron because zinc is more reactive than iron.
What metals won’t prevent a nail from rusting
Copper and silver
What does rust do to steel
Flake, weak , dangerous
Finish this reaction
Iron + copper sulfate
Iron + copper sulfate — iron sulfate + copper
What does copper sulfate look like with
A. Zinc
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
In all of them copper forms and the blue solution fades
What happens to magnesium sulfate with
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Nothing happens
What happens to iron sulfate with…
Zinc
Magnesium
Copper
With zinc and magnesium, a black solid forms.
Nothing happens with copper
What happens to zinc sulfate with…
Iron
Copper
Magnesium
Iron and copper- nothing happens.
With magnesium a dark grey solid forms
