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Chest Xray > Patterns of Lung Disease > Flashcards

Patterns of Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when there is a loss of the normal radiographic silhouette?

A

Silhouette sign

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2
Q

Are bronchi normally visible on x-ray?

A

No

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3
Q

What is the result of fluid filled alveoli with the water density of the fluid surrounding the bronchi?

A

Air bronchogram sign

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4
Q

What does an air bronchogram sign indicate?

A

pulmonary lesion

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5
Q

What are small apertures (5-15 μm in diameter), which occur in the alveolar wall that permits the spread of bacteria and exudate to adjacent alveoli?

A

Pores of Kohn

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6
Q

What are openings in the walls of terminal bronchioles or respiratory bronchioles, which communicate with alveoli that provide an alternative route for entry or escape of air and probably play an important role when parts of the lungs become fibrotic?

A

Canals of Lambert

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7
Q

What is caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs and may present as a primary disease process or as the final coup de grace in the individual who is already debilitated?

A

Bacterial Pneumonia

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8
Q

What bacteria may produce bloody or rust-colored sputum?

A

Pneumococci

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9
Q

What 3 bacteria may produce green sputum?

A

Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, and Pneumococcal

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10
Q

What bacteria may produce foul-smelling sputum?

A

Anaerobic infections

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11
Q

What 2 bacteria may produce sputum resembling jelly due to necrosis, inflammation, and hemorrhage?

A

Klebsiella and Type 3 Pneumococci

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12
Q

What type of Pneumonia are patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetes, or COPD are at increased risk?

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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13
Q

What type of Pneumonia is observed in intravenous drug abusers?

A

Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

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14
Q

What are the 3 findings of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia?

A

Areas of normal lung
Areas of inflammation
Areas of end-stage, scarred, and non-functioning cystic lung with the appearance of a honeycomb.

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15
Q

Which type of pneumonia has the following features:
-CD4 counts (T Lymphocytes) below 200/mm3
• small pneumatocoeles, sub pleural blebs
• a fine reticular interstitial pulmonary pattern
• there is often a perihilar distribution
• Pleural effusions are normally not a feature being seen in less than 5% of cases

A

PCP (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)

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16
Q

What are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma?

A

Pneumatocele

17
Q

What bacteria normally causes pneumatoceles?

A

Staph aureus

18
Q

What kind of patients is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia most commonly associated with?

A

HIV

19
Q

What bacteria pneumonia is another name for pneumococcal pneumonia that has alveolar exudate which spread towards hilum?

A

Alveolar (lobar) pneumonia

20
Q

What bacterial pneumonia is another name for staphylococcal pneumonia that begins in airways and spreads to peribronchial alveoli?

A

Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia)

21
Q

What is the loss of air space and its replacement with fluid called?

A

Consolidation

22
Q

T/F: Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses

A

True

23
Q

What bacteria is Pneumococcal pneumonia caused by?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

24
Q

What lobes are most commonly affected with Pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

Lower lobes and RML

25
Q

What type of pneumonia involves a mixed bacterial infection?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

26
Q

What lobes are most commonly affected with Aspiration pneumonia?

A

RLL and RML

27
Q

What kind of patient will develop Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Old and debilitated

28
Q

What happens to the lobes with Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

increases volume of lobe with convexity of fissures

29
Q

What is another name for Mycoplasma pneumonia (atypical pneumonia)?

A

Walking pneumonia

30
Q

What type of pneumonia has bilateral distribution, associated with pleural effusion, and looks like pulmonary edema?

A

Viral pneumonia

31
Q

What is a cavitation of an acute suppurative pulmonary infectious process?

A

Lung abscess

32
Q

What 2 things do primary lung abscess commonly arise from?

A

Aspiration (by mouth anaerobes)

necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia

33
Q

What syndrome is described as Hilar lymphadenopathy obstructing bronchus to RML?

A

RML syndrome

Chest Xray (2 decks)

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