Patterns of Development in Writing Across Disciplines Flashcards
logical arrangement of ideas
Patterns of Development
refer to the various methods used to organize and present ideas in writing, particularly in essays
Patterns of Development
these patterns help writers structure their work in a coherent and meaningful way, ensuring that the thesis is supported effectively throughout the text
Patterns of Development
in developing narration, sequential presentation of events plays an important role
Narration
Signal Words: first, next, then, after, and suddenly
Narration
a detailed description of something to give the reader a mental picture by using either a sensory or spatial pattern
Description
Signal Words: above, across, between, near, to the right
Description
the kinds of words we used to describe how your subject looks, sounds, feels, smells or even tastes
Sensory Languages
TWO TYPES OF DESCRIPTION
- Objective Description
- Subjective Description
where the writer present impartial and actual picture of the subject without biases and excluding personal impression of the subject
Objective Description
where the writer gives personal impression of what is observed
Subjective Description
provide concise but exact meanings of unfamiliar words and explain special meanings for familiar words
Definition
What does it mean?
Definition
Signal Words: is defines as, as defined, means, refers to, to define, to illustrate
Definition
TWO DISTINCT METHOD OF DEFINITION
- Informal Definition
- Formal Definition (Three Principal Parts)
the literal meaning of a word
Denotation
an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning
Connotation
- snake - denotation
- traitor - connotation
Informal Definition
the term being defined
Species (Word/Phrase) +
the class or category that the term belongs to
Genus (Class) +
the distinguishing characteristics that make a term different from other terms in its class
Differentiae
- Species:”Man” is the species
- Genus:”Animal” is the genus
- Differentia:”Rational” is the differentia
Formal Definition
develops a general statement - the topic sentence - with one or more specific examples
Exemplification Paragraph
divides the things into groups, classes, and categories
Classification Paragraph
- Signal Words:
- for instance, namely, to clarify
- classified as, another kind, the first category
Exemplification and Classification
BASIC PARTS OF EXEMPLIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
- Topic Sentence
- Classifications (types, categories), examples (illustrations)
- Transitional Expressions
shows how two or more ideas or items are similar or different
Comparison and Contrast
- Signal Words:
- also, as, both, in the same way, like
- although, and yet, but, instead, yet, otherwise
Comparison and Contrast
in writing discusses elements that are similar
Comparison
in writing discusses elements or ideas that are different
Contrast
TWO COMMON WAYS TO ORGANIZE COMPARISON/CONTRAST PARAGRAPH
- Block Method
- Point-by-point Comparison
is used to compare and contrast two subjects one at a time
Block Method
is used to compare and contrast one subject at a time
Point-by-point Comparison
organizes details based on the cause, the reason, and the result or consequences of a certain phenomenon
Cause and Effect
Signal Words: as, because, being that, for, since, one reason, seeing that
Cause and Effect
ELEMENTS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
- the purpose of the text
- the relationship between causes and effect
- the potential casual fallacies or illogical arguments
organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions
Problem-Solution
Signal Words: nonetheless, but, first, second, one reason for that, the problem, one solution is, fortunately
Problem-Solution
convinces the readers to agree to an argument or claim about a particular topic
Persuasion
- Signal Words:
- to emphasize a point: again, indeed, in fact, truly
- to conclude and summarize: accordingly, all in all, finally, thus,
- to concede a point: admittedly, assuredly, certainly, granted
Persuasion
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
- Narration
- Description
- Definition
- Exemplification and Classification
- Comparison and Contrast
- Cause and Effect
- Problem-Solution
- Persuasion
