Patterns of Development in Writi

Question 1

Patterns of Development in Writing

Answer 1

a. Narration
b. Definition
c. Description
d. Comparison and Contrast
e. Sequence
f. Cause and Effect
g. Problem and Solution

Question 2

Narration

Answer 2

Refers to a sequential telling of a story or recounting of a series of events.

Question 3

Examples of Narration

Answer 3

a. Personal essays
b. Fairy tales
c. Short stories
d. Novels, plays
e. Screenplays
f. Autobiographies
g. Histories
h. News stories

Question 4

Signal Words for Narration

Answer 4

a. Place: elsewhere, here, above, below, farther on
b. Example: for instance, for example, for one thing
c. Contrast: however, but, on the other hand
d. Sequence: first, second, next, finally
e. Amplification: again, in addition, furthermore
f. Emphasis: in fact, yes, no, indeed

Question 5

Definition

Answer 5

a. Explains an idea, term or phrase using distinguishing characteristics or synonyms.
b. Used to set working generalizations that help control the meaning and scope of important terms or ideas. (Perelman, et al., n.d.)

Question 6

Signal Words for Definition

Answer 6

defined as, is, known, the term, means, is stated as, is used to, mean, for example, to illustrate, for instance, such as, specifically

Question 7

Description

Answer 7

a. Similar with narration for having many specific details
b. Emphasizes the senses by painting a picture of how something looks, sounds, smells, tastes, or feels
c. Often used to establish a mood or atmosphere. (Bedford, Freeman and Worth, 2019, p.2)

Question 8

Features of Description

Answer 8

Identification and Description

Question 9

Identification

Answer 9

Contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal, or object that will be described.

Question 10

Description (Feature)

Answer 10

Contains a description about something by describing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describes.

Question 11

Comparison and Contrast

Answer 11

a. Compare two things to highlight their subtle similarities and differences.
b. Author’s intent is to describe connection between two things by showing their distinguishing and shared attributes (Bohaty, 2015)

Question 12

Signal Words for Comparison and Contrast

Answer 12

like, similar to, also, unlike, similarly, in the same way, likewise, again, compared to, in contrast, in like manner, contrasted with, on the contrary, however, although, yet, even though, still, but, nevertheless, conversely, at the same time, regardless, despite, while, on the one hand . . . on the other hand

Question 13

Sequence

Answer 13

a. Describes steps, events, processes, or procedures.
b. Author is putting information in an order.

Question 14

Three Types of Sequence

Answer 14

a. Steps
b. Timeline
c. Cycle

Question 15

Sequence Connectors

Answer 15

And, or, but, so, first, then, later, before, finally, after that

Question 16

Cause and Effect

Answer 16

a. Shows the linkage of causation – how events are influenced or caused by another.
b. Author’s intent is to tell us how an event always leads to an outcome.
c. The event is the cause and the outcome is the result
d. The relationship is between the cause and the effect. (Bohaty, 2015, p. 40)

Question 17

Examples of Cause and Effect

Answer 17

a. Chain smoking
b. Drug addiction
c. Early pregnancy
d. Poor academic performance
e. Habitual absenteeism
f. High inflation rate
g Traditional PUV’s phaseout
h. Territorial and maritime disputes
i. Overpopulation

Question 18

Signal Words for Cause and Effect

Answer 18

Because, so, so that, if . . . then, consequently, thus, since, for, for this reason, as a result of, therefore, due to, this is how, nevertheless, accordingly

Question 19

Problem and Solution

Answer 19

a. Divides information into two main sections, one that describes a problem and one that describes a solution.
b. Author’s intent is to discuss or propose a solution to a problem.
c. The relationship between the problem and the solution is explored (Bohaty, 2015)

Question 20

Signal Words for Problem and Solution

Answer 20

the question is, one answer is, one reason for, recommendations include, because, cause, since, therefore, consequently, as a result of, this led to, could be, so that, nevertheless, accordingly, if . . . then, thus