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Cleavage > Patterns of Cleavage > Flashcards

Patterns of Cleavage Flashcards

1
Q

it is a pattern of cleavage where blastomeres lie directly on top of each other

A

Radial

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2
Q

in this type of pattern of cleavage blastomeres lie on the junction between lower blastomers due to coiling of internal organs and determine the placement of opercular opening

A

Spiral

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3
Q

it is a type of spiral pattern cleavage where it turns in clockwise direction, normal and has right sided opening

A

dextral

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4
Q

what are the two types of spiral pattern of cleavage

A

dextral (clockwise), and sinistral

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5
Q

spiral pattern of cleavage, for left and right axis

A

tunicate

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6
Q

kind of spiral pattern of cleavage which is evident in mammals

A

rotational

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7
Q

type of sinistral under spiral patterns of cleavage

A

tunicate and rotational

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8
Q

if the spindle fiber is oriented in this way there will be spiral cleavage

A

sinistral; rotational

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9
Q

it is a pattern of cleavage where the whole part of the embryo divides

A

Holoblastic

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10
Q

what are the factors that determines whether an organism divides holoblastic or meroblastic

A
  1. Yolk (if there is little or none, it is holoblastic)
  2. Fish (meroblastic)
  3. Frog (holoblastic; there are always that are bigger)
  4. sea urchin (holoblastic, radial)
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11
Q

pattern of cleavage in fish

A

meroblastic

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12
Q

pattern of cleavage in frog

A

holoblastic

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13
Q

patterns of cleavage in sea urchin

A

holoblastic, radial

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14
Q

pattern of cleavage where only those carrying nucleus and cytoplasm will divide

A

Meroblastic

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15
Q

it is a type of meroblastic cleavage pattern where it distinguishes left and right

A

bilateral

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16
Q

type of meroblastic cleavage in fish and birds

A

discoidal

17
Q

type of yolk distribution where there is superficial cell division which migrates towards the periphery which is most common in insect

A

centrolecithal

18
Q

type of meroblastic cleavage pattern in birds

A

blastodisc, equivalent of blastula

19
Q

these are the two cavities from the division of the blastoderm into epiblast and hypoblast

A

subgerminal space and blastocoel

20
Q

peculiarity under subgerminal space

A

layers of cells on top of yoke will give rise to future vascular system

21
Q

why are layers of cells on top of yoke where it will give rise to future vascular system

A

for nutritive purposes, to reach the yolk
only one part is dividing

22
Q

it is a type of cleavage evident insects where it migrates towards the periphery and it acts as extension, which then gives rise to cell membranes

A

Superficial cleavage

23
Q

it is a type of cleavage where it is defined by the time wherein the blastomeres are already determined as the what types of cells they will be

during the eight cell stage cells are already determined (determined fate)

A

Mosaic/Determinate Cleavage

24
Q

type of cleavage where even after a series of divisions when you took the cell and put it in a certain environment it will still regulate

fates are not yet determined and evident in more complex organisms

A

Indeterminate/Regulative Cleavage

25
Q

an embryo which resembles a mulberry; blastomere are in early cleavage stage

A

Morula

26
Q

cleavage cells form the blastoderm epithelium enclosing blastocoel

cells form gap and tight junctions

A

blastula

27
Q

you can call it blastocoel when it is already covered by a layer of cells

A

blastula

28
Q

true or false
blastocoel already starts at primary cleavage where cavity grows bigger and bigger

A

True

29
Q

Cells around blastula pump into it ____ ions: attracts water

A

sodium

30
Q

what keeps the blastocoel together?

A

cortical granule cells

31
Q

yolk lies under the disc

A

blastodisc

32
Q

Yolk distribution: center

A

centrolecithal

33
Q

yolk distribution: vegetal pole

A

Telolecithal

34
Q

Yolk distribution: throughout the cytoplasm

A

Homolecithal

35
Q

Amount of yolk: large

A

Marcolecithal

36
Q

Moderate amount of yolk

A

Mesolecithal

37
Q

Small amount of yolk

A

Microlecithal

Cleavage (5 decks)

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