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Forensic Science Class > Pattern Evidence and Locard's Principle Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Pattern Evidence and Locard's Principle Exam Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Forensic Science

A

relating to or dealing with the application of scientific knowledge to legal problems

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2
Q

Crimininalistics

A

the application of forensic science to criminal matters

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3
Q

Criminology

A

social science study of crime and criminal behavior

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4
Q

Locard’s Principle

A

is the principle that every time someone enters an environment, something is added to and removed from it

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4
Q

What does Locard’s Prinicple mean for science?

A

it improved science and it provides us with valuable information as to the circumstances of a crime scene

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5
Q

Physical Evidence

A

tangible articles

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6
Q

Inceptive Evidence

A

evidence used to show whether or not a crime has been committed

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7
Q

Examples of Inceptive Evidence

A

seized blocks of cocaine

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8
Q

Identification Evidence

A

used to identify someone

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9
Q

Associative Evidence

A

associates someone with the scene

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9
Q

Examples of Identification Evidence

A

fingerprints, DNA testing, firearms, etc.

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10
Q

Corroborative Evidence

A

used to support other evidence

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10
Q

Examples of Associative Evidence

A

weapons, hair, fibers, etc.

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10
Q

Scene Processing

A

the scientific method of gathering evidence from a crime scene

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10
Q

Crime Scene

A

a place where a crime was committed

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11
Q

Why is it important to know how a perpetrator entered and excited the crime scene ?

A

it is important because it can tell you how to document a crime scene and give you better clues on to what happened at the scene

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12
Q

Chain of Custody

A

every item removed from the scene and taken to the laboratory must be identified in a way that guarantees its integrity

12
Q

Why is it important to maintain chain of custody?

A

chain of custody is so important because it assures to the court and anybody else that the evidence is authentic

13
Q

Entry

A

how the scene was entered

14
Q

Egress

A

exiting the scene

15
Q

Where do most forensic scientist work?

A

in crime labs

16
Q

Where else can forensic scientists work?

A

crime scene clean up, analysis worker, etc.

17
Q

Pattern Evidence

A

any markings produced when one object comes into contact with another object

18
Q

Class Characteristics

A

identifying trait shared by a group of similar objects

19
Q

Examples of Class Characteristics

A

identical tread patterns, same spacing of grooves/ridges, etc.

20
Q

Individual Characteristics

A

identifying trait unique to a specific object

21
Q

Examples of Individual Characteristics

A

imperfections, wear and tear, and embedded foreign objects

22
Q

How can you use class characteristics at a crime scene?

A

to narrow down the list of possible sources

23
Q

How can you use individual characteristics at a crime scene?

A

you can compare them to an exemplar

24
Q

Exemplar

A

a known sample

25
Q

What is an exemplar used for?

A

used to be compared with objects from a crime scene to make a conclusion

26
Q

Striations

A

lines made by surface imperfections

27
Q

How can you see striations?

A

with the eye or under microscope

28
Q

Identification Evidence Interpretation

A

sufficient data to match a pattern with a person or object

29
Q

Inconclusive Evidence Interpretation

A

not enough data to identify or exclude person/object

30
Q

Exclusion Evidence Interpretation

A

find sufficient differences between the known and the evidence to exclude person or object

31
Q

Macroscopic Examination

A

visible to the naked eye

32
Q

Microscopic Examination

A

requires the use of a microscope in order to view

33
Q

What can you learn from tire impressions?

A
  • which vehicle
  • what direction
  • where the vehicle went
  • how fast the vehicle was going
34
Q

Wheelbase

A

front to back

35
Q

Track Width

A

right to left

36
Q

Examples of Corrobarative Evidence

A

photographs and videos

Forensic Science Class (2 decks)

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