Patrol Principles Flashcards
“Patrol” is thought to be derived from the French word patrouiller, which originally meant ?
“to tramp in the mud”
The function of security is?
prevent and control loss
Defined as the act of moving about an area to provide protection and to conduct observation
Patrol
Contingent upon organizations’ needs, this could include trespassing, noise violations, safety violations, lease violations by tenants, alcohol violations, parking violations, and so on.
Detection of criminal or unauthorized activity
This includes projecting a security presence onto the environment. Making the security program visible will at least temporarily suppress criminal/unauthorized activity.
Prevention and deterrence of crime and unauthorized activity
Officers may help ensure compliance with administrative agency regulations such as OSHA, EPA, or U.S. Labor Department mandates
Ensure compliance and organizational policy
This could include any type of fire, safety, or health hazard, such as chemical spills, overcrowding of rooms/area, radiation leaks, coffee pots left on, leaking pipes, unsanitary conditions, congested areas, mechanical failures, and so on.
Assess, report, and record loss-causing situations or circumstances.
There are a host of possible lines of inquiry that can be requested of the patrol officer by management.
Investigate as directed by the central alarm station(CAS), dispatch, or supervisor in charge.
This includes alarms, locks, lights, CCTV, access points, and physical barriers such as fence lines. While assuming greater importance in high-security installations, this is a function of patrols in all environments to some degree.
Test and inspect the physical security system.
Should there be an outage or malfunction of a physical security system component, the patrolling officer will stand by and assume a fixed post at the affected point/area until the situation is remedied. This may simply involve calling maintenance and standing by until a lock is fixed, or it may require continuous posting out in a high-security facility with an alarm or power outage.
Act as a compensatory measure during system outages
This is where security patrol has traditionally varied from police patrol; while security emphasizes prevention, law enforcement emphasizes response to problems. Unfortunately, security departments must be able to respond professionally to accidents, fights, fires, intrusions, assaults, thefts, HAZMAT problems, or other reasonably foreseeable emergencies. Staffing levels, response times, training, and equipment must all support the requirement for emergency response.
Respond to emergencies
This can include opening up areas and making them ready for visitors. It could also include dispensing literature, conduction of formal or informal surveys of visitors, testing equipment, finding lost children, or acting as an escort.
Performance of other services required by management
The provision of security services is a ?
Business necessity
Two basic types of patrol
Foot and mobile
Include the use of automobiles, bicycles, mopeds , and golf carts.
Mobile patrols
Normally conducted by one officer “walking a beat”. Areas to be patrolled are both indoors and outdoors.
Foot patrols
What can a foot patrolman learn when doing patrols?
- Will learn what doors and windows are normally locked or unlocked
- what lights are normally left on at night
- what personnel are authorized in certain areas
- where emergency equipment is located
- what potential hazards exist
Another advantage of foot patrol
An officer could place himself or herself at or near high security risk areas on a frequent and random basis
Major drawbacks to foot patrols (List 6)
- small size of the area that can be patrolled effectively
- the amount of time taken to conduct one round while carefully checking everything
- getting from one part of the area to another
- access to emergency equipment if needed
- personnel costs involved
- Inclement weather conditions
Advantages of mobile patrol (List 4)
- It is mobile
- Can patrol a much larger area
- Has access to emergency equipment
- Can carry different amounts and types of equipments
First factor to consider in selecting what type of mobile patrol to use
Initial cost of purchase
Second factor to consider in selecting what type of mobile patrol to use
Ongoing maintenance costs
Third factor to consider in selecting what type of mobile patrol to use
Size of the area to be patrolled
Fourth factor to consider in selecting what type of mobile patrol to use
Need to access emergency and other equipment, such as first-aid kits, traffic control equipment, extra rain ponchos, additional radios, and so on
Fifth factor to consider in selecting what type of mobile patrol to use
Type of facility being protected, and the organizational image and culture of the facility
Last factor to consider in selecting what type of mobile patrol to use
The threat model and degree of vulnerability of the facility
Enable the officer to search a large and/or complex environment very quickly with minimal manpower
Dogs
Preparation for going on patrol duty is not only the physical act of putting on a uniform; it also requires ?
Mental and psychological preparation
There should be absolutely no ingestion of alcoholic beverages or other psychoactive substances at least?
8 hours before going on duty
All personal and company equipment issued or used while on duty should be checked to ensure that it is?
in working order
Maintain a professional—not personal—relationship with them. Have some idea what their jobs and/or functions are. Most people will gladly elaborate on what they do if asked in a tactful manner.
Get to know people in the patrol environment
Get in the habit of checking maintenance tags on equipment. Know what the equipment does.
Inspect equipment
Consider taking an orientation tour with the maintenance department.
Get to know maintenance personnel and procedures
Become familiar with the alarms and CCTV in each protected point and area.
Visit the central alarm station, if possible.
The majority of patrol activity is focused on the prevention of?
Criminal behavior
A crime cannot occur unless three elements are present.
Opportunity, desire, tools
An effective patrol officer, by following accepted patrol procedures, can and will hinder the first element.
Opportunity to commit a criminal act
First principle of patrol
It should always be done in a random fashion
Second principle of patrol
Frequency of patrol should be random
Another principle of patrol
Communication
First proper radio procedure
Listening before speaking into the radio
Second proper radio procedure
Depressing the microphone a split second before and after speaking
Third proper radio procedure
Speaking clearly and a little more slowly than normal
Fourth proper radio procedure
Not broadcasting when not necessary
Fifth proper radio procedure
Avoiding the use of profanity, horseplay, or confidential information
Last proper radio procedure
Scanners abound
This game is played as an officer patrol his or her area by thinking of any possible incident, remote as it might be, that could at any place or time.
“What if” game
Patrol officers check scraps being thrown away, look for lights, heat, and water turned on needlessly.
Waste
Officers look for spills and other slippery walking conditions. Always observe all around patrol points for fire hazards, materials stacked too high, and so on. “Look up, down, and all around.”
Accident
Patrol officers should be thoroughly briefed prior to their shift as to what activities are occurring in their patrol environment. They should check and doublecheck schedules of building openings and shipments of personnel arrivals.
Error
Become familiar with criminal behaviors in the local area. Also, keepup-to-date on criminal trends within the industry. Speaking with local police and reading industry-specific management literature are good ways to maintain one’s professional education. Also, patrol in a random manner and develop professional relationships with people in the patrol area so that you are approachable. If people observe something that doesn’t quite seem right, and they are comfortable talking with a security officer about it, they will.
Crime
Patrol officers should be wary of fraternizing with employees (“Familiarity breeds contempt”).
Unethical/unprofessional practices
Feeling tired or worn out can affect the way an officer perceives things (with the use of all five senses).
Fatigue
The more often a task is performed, the more it becomes routine and boring.
Boredom
Preoccupation with __________ distracts from keeping one’s mind on the job and should not be brought to work with the officer.
Personal problems
Officers with security or law enforcement experience will recognize things such as burglary tool marks or the smell of marijuana more quickly than an inexperienced officer.
Known facts
Officers do many various things, many of which don’t even appear to be connected, and things can happen very quickly.
Variety of activities
Age or illness affects an officer’s senses; the older or sicker he or she becomes, the less quickly the body is able to respond to stimuli.
Failing senses
These can be weather, highway traffic conditions or lighting (day patrol vs. night patrol, interior patrol and exterior patrol).
Environmental conditions
Things that are closer to us are easier to perceive, and things more distant are harder to identify clearly.
Distance
The more intense a person’s involvement in an activity, the faster time seems to go.
Time
The longer a stimulus is received, the more accurate the interpretation will be.
Duration of the input
