Patients with Altered Mobility Flashcards
What does osteoporosis mean?
Porous bone
What is osteoporosis?
It is chronic and progressive characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration. It affects 25% of women and 12% men greater then 50
What is primary and secondary osteoporosis?
Primary: typical age related causes
Secondary: due to disease process
What are common sites for osteoporosis?
Hand, wrist, spine hip, knees, and feet
What are risk factors for osteoporosis?
Genetic links with bone mass Age Nutrition Physical exercise Lifestyle choices Medications
The manifestations might go undetected if?
sudden strain, fractures from a minor trauma, back pain, loss of height, spinal deformities
What kind of exercise helps with osteoporosis?
Weight bearing ( helps produce calcium in bones)
sometimes use corticosteroids
Heparin( affects calcium absorption)
What test is used for bone density measurement?
DEXA ( absorptiometry/ densitometry)
How do we manage osteoporosis?
Prevent fractures, regular exercise, adequate calcium intake/ replacement, estrogen replacement
Fosomax and actonel increases bone density
Pain control
EDUCATE
How much calcium can your body absorb?
500 mg
What is osteomyelitis?
Infection fo the bone
What part of the body does osteomyelitis normally effect?
Upper end humerus and tibia, and lower end of femur
What is osteomyelitis normally caused by?
staph aureus
The two categories of acute osteomyelitis are?
Hematogenous ( inside your own body) and direct contact
Clinical manifestations of Osteomyelitis?
Fever, edema and tenderness, warmth or touch, movement or joint limitations, fatigue, subperiosteal abscess ( in between layers of the bone)
What patient should we pay close attention to for osteomyelitis?
Diabetes with fractures
Care for osteomyelitis?
- Immobolization
- Pain meds and antibiotics
- Surgery : to drain abscess
- PT
- Diet
- Rest/ immobilization
- Analgesics, antipyretics, antibiotics
- Preventative care
- Education of patient/ family
What are three types of musculoskeletal trauma?
- Contusion
- Sprains
- Strains
What is a contusion?
Bruise - injury to soft tissue
What is a sprain?
Injury to one or more ligaments
results from wrenching and twisting
What is a strain?
Excess stretch of a muscle and tendon ( muscle to bone) pulling
Always compare the three S’s
Size, shape, and symmetry
What does PRICE stand for?
Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Nursing assessment of sprains and strains?
Pain, edema, decrease in function, bruising
What are dislocations?
Displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint. May be considered ah orthopedic emergency.
Nursing Assessment for dislocations
joint asymmetry, pain, tenderness, loss of function, edema
Nursing management for dislocations
pain control, joint protection, gradual rom, and strengthening exercise ( affects blood flow and nerve function)
What is fracture?
disruption or break in continuity
Clinical manifestations of an acute fracture
immediate localized pain, decreased function, decreased ability to bear weight or use affected part, edema and swelling, deformity, ecchymosis, crepitation
