patient teaching Flashcards
What is patient education?
Defined as the process by which the patient comes to comprehend his or her physical condition and self-care by the use of various medians and experiences
Nurse as Educator
- Provision of nursing care beyond here and now
- Impacts patient outcomes
- patient teaching takes practice and commitment
- Education must be planned, thought out, and intentional
Where does teaching occur?
- Acute care/primary care settings
- In the community
- In the context of teaching professional colleagues (continuing ed, in service programs, and staff dev)
- Experienced nurses teaching novice nurses
Assessment for Individualized Teaching
- Patient motivation
- Use MI techniques
- Assess patient learning needs and styles
- Base teaching techniques on learning styles
Principles of learning
Patients learn when:
- They feel actively involved in the process
- there is respect and trust between them and the “teacher”
- They are working on something that meets their needs
- Nurse is supportive and non-judgmental; patients need to be able to express their own ideas, beliefs, concerns
Learning domains
Cognitive, psycho motor, affective
Cognitive domain
Information area
-evaluating: direct observation of behavior, written measurements, oral questioning, self reports and self monitoring
Psychomotor domain
Deal with motor skills
-Evaluating: observing how patient carries out a procedure
Affective domain
Deals with attitudes and feelings
-Evaluating: listening to patient’s response to questions, noting how a patient speaks about relevant subjects, and observing the patients behavior that expresses feelings and values
Effective strategies for learning
- Demonstration, return demonstration and “teach back, tell back”
- Engage the learner
- Use visuals, models, dolls, and realistic medical equipment in teaching
- Involve every possible resource
- Think about resources available after discharge
Teaching tips
Learning occurs every time the nurse enters the patient’s room
Patients need time to practice, practice practice
Tools for educating
- Verbal instructions: need to be at patient’s level of comprehension
- Written instructions: need to be clear and concise
- Demonstration: go slow, break skill into parts as needed
- Other: video, patient group, 3d models
Factors affecting learning
-Age and dev stage
What is edu level? How well do they read? What are the english language skills? Does patient see and hear well? Would patient like to involve a significant other in the process
Teaching & documenting psychomotor skills
Teaching pitfalls:
- most common mistake is making treatment regimen too complex
- Giving patient too much to do with little specific instruction
- Not having enough time in a teaching session
Teaching those withe low literacy levels
- use multiple teaching levels
- emphasize key points in simple terms with examples
- Limit amount of info in a single session
- avoid acronyms
- Associate new info with something the patient already knows
Teaching children
- Coloring and story books
- Practice on dolls
- Use puppet play
- Assess appropriate Dev level
Benefits to effective patient teaching
Increased patient satisfaction, increased quality of life, better continuity of care, decreased anxiety, decreased possible complication, promotion of adherence to plan, maximized independence and empowerment
Comparing teaching to the nursing process
- Assessing the learner
- Diagnosing the learning needs
- Developing a teaching plan
- Implementing the plan
- Evaluate learning outcomes and teaching effectiveness
- Documenting instructional activities
Documenting teaching
- diagnosed learning needs
- learning outcomes
- topics taught
- client outcomes
- need for additional teaching
- resources provided
Transcultural teaching
- obtain teaching materials, pamphlets, and instructions in languages used by patients
- Use visual aids
- allow time for questions
- do not assume that nods, eye contact, or smiles indicates understanding
- include family in planning and teaching
Accessing evidence based resources
- Nurses need to know where patients seek health information
- Most recent research points to patients using the internet as major source
- Most trusted source of info is healthcare professionals
- other sources supplement info (tv, radio, newspaper, etc)
Factors that influence information seeking
- Age
- Race
- Education
- Income
- Health literacy
- Health status
Internet/computer usage
- older individuals: older individuals make decisions solely based upon info provided by the healthcare professional more often than younger individuals
- race culture: caucasians use the internet for health info more than others
- health literacy: those with less education/lower health literacy use the TV and radio as a secondary source of info
