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PR3150 > Patient Safety, Law and Ethics > Flashcards

Patient Safety, Law and Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is value-based care?

A
  1. Addressing patients’ concerns
  2. Improving QOL
  3. Enabling essential ADL/ Minimizing ADL impairment
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2
Q

What are the 4 components of the Swiss Cheese Model?

A
  1. Organization influences
  2. Unsafe Supervision
  3. Preconditions for unsafe acts
  4. Unsafe acts
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3
Q

What is HFACS?

A
  1. Systematic approach to incident analysis
  2. Used to Identify active and latent failures
  3. Establish Causes and Effect which is essential for identification of correct root causes and corresponding corrective actions
  4. Promote Just Culture and avoid blaming
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4
Q

What is reliability in healthcare?

A
  1. Consistent High Quality
  2. Exceptional safety
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5
Q

Reliability in healthcare _______ equate to zero harm or error.

A

does not

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6
Q

Name the 6 ways in which errors can be minimized in decreasing effectiveness.

A
  1. Eliminate opportunity for error
  2. Make it hard to do the wrong thing
  3. Make it easy to do the right thing
  4. Make errors more visible
  5. Minimize injury
  6. Policies, Trainings, Inspection
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7
Q

What is Just Culture for?

A

It is to prevent “knee jerk” reaction whereby the last person touching/ causing the issue is being put blame on before investigation.

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8
Q

What is the use of an incident decision tree?

A

Reviews systematic and organizational issues associated with human errors to prevent “knee jerk”

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9
Q

Incident decision tree does not eliminate potential for ______ that may occur during investigation.

A

human biases

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10
Q

Why is open communication important?

A

Because patients have the rights to know, helps build trust and assurance and allow organization to learn from it

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11
Q

What are the two barriers to open communication?

A
  1. Fear
  2. Not trained
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12
Q

Who may conduct open communication?

A

HCPs and also people who are trained.

Note: Not all HCPs are expected to perform it

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13
Q

What is the Chatham House Rule?

A

Require identifiable information to be anonymized when useful information is shared outside of defined setting

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14
Q

What is tort?

A

Wrongful acts that can be at individual and corporate levels

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15
Q

What is bolam?

A

Accepted current practice (Someone would have acted the same way you did)

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16
Q

What is bolitho?

A

Evidence-based medicine and Logical thinking (A body of experts might have the same mistakes in the same scenario)

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17
Q

What is occupier liability?

A

Someone with control/ power/ influence over premises

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18
Q

Under occupier liability, occupiers are __________ to be insurers of properties’ safety

A

not expected

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19
Q

When is duty of care owed by occupier?

A

1) Factual Foreseeability
2) Legal proximity between parties
3) Public policy considerations

20
Q

What is vicarious liability?

A

Employer liable for torts committed by employees within employment (employer-employee relationship)

21
Q

Employers should be liable for _________ services like locum pharmacist under the vicarious liability.

A

3rd party

22
Q

Under the vicarious liability, independent contractor does not have ______ to control.

A

Rights

23
Q

Criminal and civil law _____ run concurrently.

A

can

24
Q

Both criminal and civil law ____ be subjected to professional organization implication.

A

can

25
Q

What is criminal law?

A

Offence chargeable under law

26
Q

What is a civil law?

A

Deals with rights of individual entities.

27
Q

What are the two routes in civil law?

A
  1. Tort
  2. Contract
28
Q

What is autonomy?

A

Respect for person choices as they have the freedom to form their own judgement

29
Q

When is autonomy absent?

A

Coercion, ignorance, immaturity, mental incapacity

30
Q

What is Beneficence?

A

To do good

31
Q

What is Non-maleficence?

A

Do no harm

32
Q

What is justice?

A

Fairness

33
Q

What is fidelity?

A

Truth telling and maintenance of confidentiality

34
Q

What is veracity?

A

Relationship based on mutual trust and honesty

35
Q

What is the litmus test?

A

Acting ethically when nobody is watching

36
Q

What is medical negligence?

A

Failure to exercise acceptable standard of care in skills and knowledge

37
Q

What are the 4 components in medical negligence?

A
  1. Duty of care
  2. Breach of standard of care
  3. Causation
  4. Foreseeable Damages or Injuries
38
Q

When is duty of care established?

A

When patient is receiving treatment, being assessed or reviewed by HCP

39
Q

What does standard of care refers to?

A

Care should be delivered based on evidence -based clinical principle

40
Q

When is causation established?

A

When lack of care on HCP’s part causes injury or harm

41
Q

What is Res ipsa loquitor?

A

Facts shall speak for themselves

42
Q

How does Res ipsa loquitor help patients during defense?

A

Patient can argue that layperson not trained to tell how negligence and this results in injuries. Since the HCP cannot provide an explanation, he or she is liable for damages

43
Q

How can HCP refute causation during defense?

A

Informed consent have been provided. Contributory negligence by patient themselves further contribute to injuries

44
Q

What is foreseeable damage?

A

Damage that is not too remote

45
Q

What are the rights of patients?

A
  1. To know about treatment
  2. To know the HCP involved in treatment
  3. To make own decisions
46
Q

What are the responsibilities of patients?

A
  1. To adhere to checkups
  2. To provide relevant information to HCPs
  3. To clarify when in doubt

PR3150 (4 decks)

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