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Surgical Assisting > Patient Prep/Preoperative > Flashcards

Patient Prep/Preoperative Flashcards

1
Q

Problems associated with intubation.

A

Stimulation of vagus nerve, brachycephalic breeds, laryngospasm, bronchi intubation, pressure necrosis, tracheal tears

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2
Q

Common intubation problem in cats.

A

Laryngospasm

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3
Q

Caused by over inflation of the ET tube cuff.

A

Pressure necrosis

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4
Q

Caused by pushing the ET tube too far down.

A

Bronchi intubation

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5
Q

Caused by too large of an ET tube and forceful intubation.

A

Tracheal tears

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6
Q

Problems associated with post intubation.

A

ET tube obstruction, ET tube removal, not disinfected tubes

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7
Q

Supplies needed for intubation?

A

Trach tube (3 sizes), Insufflation syringe, laryngoscope, lube, gauze, stylet and tie

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8
Q

What do you do before intubation?

A

Measure the tube length, inspect the equipment, insert stylet (if applicable), administer induction agent

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9
Q

Where do you secure the ET tube?

A

Behind the ears (cats), over the muzzle

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10
Q

How do you confirm ET tube placement?

A

Bag inflation, coughing, fogging of the tube, visualization

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11
Q

Alternative methods to intubation?

A

Mask induction, chamber induction

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12
Q

Risk of using an anesthetic mask?

A

Risk of aspiration, according nostrils, gas leak

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13
Q

Why do we Intubate?

A

Reduce exposure to waste gas, provide delivery of gas, rapid deliver of oxygen, assist in ventilation, decrease risk of aspiration

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14
Q

What should be included on a consent form?

A

Patient name and signalment, owner name, procedure, doctor name, emergency contact, anesthesia disclaimer/complications

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15
Q

Factors that affect minimum database of patients?

A

Age, species, medical hx

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16
Q

Minimum tests before surgery?

A

PCV, TS, blood glucose, BUN, ALT

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17
Q

How much blood glucose do you loose each hour?

A

7-10%

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18
Q

What does blood glucose tell us?

A

Indicates carbohydrate metabolism in the body and can measure endocrine function of the pancreas

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19
Q

What does BUN tell us about the patient?

A

Evaluates kidney function and the ability for the kidney to remove urea from the blood

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20
Q

What does ALT tell us about a patient?

A

Liver

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21
Q

Surgery able to do at any point on a healthy animal.

A

Elective

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22
Q

Required procedure.

A

Non elective

23
Q

Why do we pre med?

A

Relaxes patient, preemptive pain management, eases surgical transition

24
Q

Four phases of the pain pathway.

A

Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception

25
Q

The pain phase which the patient knows the pain is present.

A
  1. Perception
26
Q

The pain phase where Impulses spread to the spinal cord

A
  1. Transmission
27
Q

The pain phase which the event is converted to a signal that is sent tomCNS for processing.

A
  1. Transduction
28
Q

The pain phase of which pain signals are being sorted out.

A
  1. Modulation
29
Q

Four classes of analgesic drugs?

A

Opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetic, alpha-2 agonists

30
Q

Possible side effects of opioids.

A

Bradycardia, emesis, panting

31
Q

Used for acute pain management.

A

Opioids

32
Q

Used to treat inflammation and pain of surgery.

A

NSAIDs

33
Q

When is the best time to give NSAIDs for surgical use.

A

1-2 hours before surgery

34
Q

Possible side effects of NSAIDs.

A

Renal toxicity, liver toxicity, GI upset

35
Q

Short acting sedative, muscle relaxant that can be reversed.

A

Alpha-2 agonist

36
Q

Most common alpha-2 agonists.

A

Metatomidine, xylazine

37
Q

Two concentrations of xylazine?

A

20mg/ml, 100mg/ml

38
Q

Blocks pain at the source.

A

Local anesthetic

39
Q

What do we use intraoperative antibiotic for?

A

Contaminated wounds, possible break in sterility, prophylaxis

40
Q

Possible side effects of alpha-2 agonists?

A

Bradycardia, vomiting, hypertension, heart block, respiratory depression

41
Q

Only use in healthy, young patients.

A

Alpha-2 agonists

42
Q

Risk of: Normal, health animals with no disease.

A

Class 1

43
Q

Risk of: Animal with slight to moderate systematic disturbance (geriatrics, fractures, mild diabetes, obesity, estrus)

A

Class 2

44
Q

Risk of: animal with moderate systematic disturbances (anorexia, anemia, murmur, fever, dehydration).

A

Class 3

45
Q

Risk of: preexsisting disease or disturbance. (High fever, anemia, shock, pulmonary disease, heart failure, severe dehydration).

A

Class 4

46
Q

Risk of: life threatening disease or incorrect able disturbance (head trauma, severe trauma, advanced endocrine disease, pulmonary embolus).

A

Class 5

47
Q

Standard surgical blade clippers size?

A

40 or 50

48
Q

Where do you clip for abdominal surgery?

A

Xiohoid, outside the nipples and to the mid pubis

49
Q

Skin prep using sterile gauze and sterily scrubbed in.

A

Sterile skin prep

50
Q

Scrub that acts faster and lasts longer.

A

Chlorexadine

51
Q

Scrub that ha longer contact time.

A

Betadine

52
Q

Potential risks of clipping.

A

Clipper burn, chemical reactions

53
Q

How can you maintain body temperature during operation?

A

Warm water blanket, warm air blanket, microwaved heating discs and lads, warm bottles, heated table

Surgical Assisting (1 decks)

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