Patient Prep/Preoperative

Question 1

Problems associated with intubation.

Answer 1

Stimulation of vagus nerve, brachycephalic breeds, laryngospasm, bronchi intubation, pressure necrosis, tracheal tears

Question 2

Common intubation problem in cats.

Answer 2

Laryngospasm

Question 3

Caused by over inflation of the ET tube cuff.

Answer 3

Pressure necrosis

Question 4

Caused by pushing the ET tube too far down.

Answer 4

Bronchi intubation

Question 5

Caused by too large of an ET tube and forceful intubation.

Answer 5

Tracheal tears

Question 6

Problems associated with post intubation.

Answer 6

ET tube obstruction, ET tube removal, not disinfected tubes

Question 7

Supplies needed for intubation?

Answer 7

Trach tube (3 sizes), Insufflation syringe, laryngoscope, lube, gauze, stylet and tie

Question 8

What do you do before intubation?

Answer 8

Measure the tube length, inspect the equipment, insert stylet (if applicable), administer induction agent

Question 9

Where do you secure the ET tube?

Answer 9

Behind the ears (cats), over the muzzle

Question 10

How do you confirm ET tube placement?

Answer 10

Bag inflation, coughing, fogging of the tube, visualization

Question 11

Alternative methods to intubation?

Answer 11

Mask induction, chamber induction

Question 12

Risk of using an anesthetic mask?

Answer 12

Risk of aspiration, according nostrils, gas leak

Question 13

Why do we Intubate?

Answer 13

Reduce exposure to waste gas, provide delivery of gas, rapid deliver of oxygen, assist in ventilation, decrease risk of aspiration

Question 14

What should be included on a consent form?

Answer 14

Patient name and signalment, owner name, procedure, doctor name, emergency contact, anesthesia disclaimer/complications

Question 15

Factors that affect minimum database of patients?

Answer 15

Age, species, medical hx

Question 16

Minimum tests before surgery?

Answer 16

PCV, TS, blood glucose, BUN, ALT

Question 17

How much blood glucose do you loose each hour?

Answer 17

7-10%

Question 18

What does blood glucose tell us?

Answer 18

Indicates carbohydrate metabolism in the body and can measure endocrine function of the pancreas

Question 19

What does BUN tell us about the patient?

Answer 19

Evaluates kidney function and the ability for the kidney to remove urea from the blood

Question 20

What does ALT tell us about a patient?

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Surgery able to do at any point on a healthy animal.

Answer 21

Elective

Question 22

Required procedure.

Answer 22

Non elective

Question 23

Why do we pre med?

Answer 23

Relaxes patient, preemptive pain management, eases surgical transition

Question 24

Four phases of the pain pathway.

Answer 24

Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception

Question 25

The pain phase which the patient knows the pain is present.

Answer 25

4. Perception

Question 26

The pain phase where Impulses spread to the spinal cord

Answer 26

2. Transmission

Question 27

The pain phase which the event is converted to a signal that is sent tomCNS for processing.

Answer 27

1. Transduction

Question 28

The pain phase of which pain signals are being sorted out.

Answer 28

3. Modulation

Question 29

Four classes of analgesic drugs?

Answer 29

Opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetic, alpha-2 agonists

Question 30

Possible side effects of opioids.

Answer 30

Bradycardia, emesis, panting

Question 31

Used for acute pain management.

Answer 31

Opioids

Question 32

Used to treat inflammation and pain of surgery.

Answer 32

NSAIDs

Question 33

When is the best time to give NSAIDs for surgical use.

Answer 33

1-2 hours before surgery

Question 34

Possible side effects of NSAIDs.

Answer 34

Renal toxicity, liver toxicity, GI upset

Question 35

Short acting sedative, muscle relaxant that can be reversed.

Answer 35

Alpha-2 agonist

Question 36

Most common alpha-2 agonists.

Answer 36

Metatomidine, xylazine

Question 37

Two concentrations of xylazine?

Answer 37

20mg/ml, 100mg/ml

Question 38

Blocks pain at the source.

Answer 38

Local anesthetic

Question 39

What do we use intraoperative antibiotic for?

Answer 39

Contaminated wounds, possible break in sterility, prophylaxis

Question 40

Possible side effects of alpha-2 agonists?

Answer 40

Bradycardia, vomiting, hypertension, heart block, respiratory depression

Question 41

Only use in healthy, young patients.

Answer 41

Alpha-2 agonists

Question 42

Risk of: Normal, health animals with no disease.

Answer 42

Class 1

Question 43

Risk of: Animal with slight to moderate systematic disturbance (geriatrics, fractures, mild diabetes, obesity, estrus)

Answer 43

Class 2

Question 44

Risk of: animal with moderate systematic disturbances (anorexia, anemia, murmur, fever, dehydration).

Answer 44

Class 3

Question 45

Risk of: preexsisting disease or disturbance. (High fever, anemia, shock, pulmonary disease, heart failure, severe dehydration).

Answer 45

Class 4

Question 46

Risk of: life threatening disease or incorrect able disturbance (head trauma, severe trauma, advanced endocrine disease, pulmonary embolus).

Answer 46

Class 5

Question 47

Standard surgical blade clippers size?

Answer 47

40 or 50

Question 48

Where do you clip for abdominal surgery?

Answer 48

Xiohoid, outside the nipples and to the mid pubis

Question 49

Skin prep using sterile gauze and sterily scrubbed in.

Answer 49

Sterile skin prep

Question 50

Scrub that acts faster and lasts longer.

Answer 50

Chlorexadine

Question 51

Scrub that ha longer contact time.

Answer 51

Betadine

Question 52

Potential risks of clipping.

Answer 52

Clipper burn, chemical reactions

Question 53

How can you maintain body temperature during operation?

Answer 53

Warm water blanket, warm air blanket, microwaved heating discs and lads, warm bottles, heated table