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Patient Care-CTBC > Patient Monitoring (20) > Flashcards

Patient Monitoring (20) Flashcards

1
Q

female 12-15 g/dL
male 14-17g/dL

A

Hgb Normals

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2
Q

Hgb (3)

A

“Hemoglobin”
Iron-rich protein on RBCs
Helps xt O2
Helpful to spot anemia/bleeding/etc

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3
Q

Special Procedures

A

Any situation requiring abnormally large needles and RN (eg., Bx, drain plcm’t, aspirations)

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4
Q

HCT
Measures…
Depends on…
Usually part of…
Low values (often) from…

A

“Hematocrit”
Measures % of RBCs in whole blood
Depends on size/# RBCs
Usually part of CBC
Low values often from bleeding/anemia

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5
Q

HCT Normals

A

(female<male)
35-50%

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6
Q

Plt
High may indicate…
Low may indicate…

A

“Platelets”
Clotting disorder
Potential for bleeding (disorders)

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7
Q

Plt Normals

A

150K-400K per mcL

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8
Q

PT (labs)

A

Prothrombin Time
Time for liquid portion (plasma) to clot
High PT may be contraindication for procedure d/t inc’d risk of bleeding

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9
Q

PT Normals

A

11-13.5 sec

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10
Q

PTT

A

(Partial Thromboplastin Time)
measures blood coagulation time

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11
Q

PTT Normals

A

25-35 sec

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12
Q

INR
Represents…
High may…

A

“International Standardized Ratio”
Represents coagulation tendency of blood. High may be contraindication d/t POSS of uncontrolled bleeding

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13
Q

INR Normals

A

0.8-1.2

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14
Q

Anxiolysis

A

Minimal Sedation:
Relaxes
Reduces anxiety
Common in radiology

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15
Q

Conscious Sedation (2)

A

(“Moderate Sedation”)
Pt follows specific directions
Common in radiology

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16
Q

Deep Sedation (2)

A

(“Deep Sedation”)
Limited response to stimuli
POSS support of vital functions

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17
Q

General Anesthesia

A

General anesthesia:
unresponsive
req’s sig support of vital functions

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18
Q

Sedation prep (4)

A

No solids x 6h
Clear liq x2h
IV access
Baseline vitals

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19
Q

Sedation Concurrent (2)

A

Supplemental O2
Re-assess vitals (gen ea 5 min)

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20
Q

Sedation: After (3)

A

Vitals/consiousness reassessed until ready for d/c
f/u instructions provided
no driving/isolation x24h

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21
Q

Oral Temp Normals

A

97-99.5 (36.1-37.5)

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22
Q

Rectal Temp Normals

A

Oral +1 deg F

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23
Q

Axillary Temp Normals

A

(Least accurate) 1-2 deg F < Oral

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24
Q

Tympanic Temp Normals

A

0.5-1 deg F > oral

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25
Q

Pulse: 3 considerations

A

Rate, rhythm, amplitude

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26
Q

Pulse Normals

A

Adult: 60-100

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27
Q

Influences to BP (4)

A

Force of ventricular contractions
Arterial wall elasticity
Peripheral vascular resistance
Blood volume/viscosity

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28
Q

BP Normals

A

100/60-119/79

29
Q

Respirations considerations (4)

A

Rate, rhythm, depth, sound

30
Q

Respiration Normals

A

12-20

31
Q

Oximetry

A

oxygen content in circulation

32
Q

Hemodynamics

A

Science of blood flow and its impact on tissues/organs

33
Q

End-tidal CO2 monitoring (2)

A

Recommended for all patients under moderate sedation;
More sensitive (than O2) indicator of respiratory status

34
Q

EtCO2 Normals

A

35-45 mmHg
< 35: anxiety
> 45: respiratory failure

35
Q

EKG: Depolarization

A

Contraction

36
Q

EKG: Repolarization

A

Relaxation of atria/ventricles

37
Q

EKG allows for identification of…(3)

A

Heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias)
Conduction abn’s
Elecrolyte imbalances

38
Q

P wave

A

Electrical activity through atria

39
Q

QRS complex
Represents…
Occurs during…

A

Electrical impulses through ventricles
Ventricular systole

40
Q

ST segment

A

Ventricle is contracting but no elec’l current flowing through it
Gen’y straight/level line b/w QRS-complex and T-wave

41
Q

T wave
Represents…
Occurs during…

A

Ventricles resetting electrically and prep’g for next contraction
Ventricular diastole

42
Q

Low HCT often d/t

A

Bleeding/Anemia

43
Q

High INR may be contraindication d/t

A

POSS uncontrolled bleeding

44
Q

Sedation/Analgesia:
Most common meds combo

A

Midazolam (Versed)/ fentanyl (Sublimaze)

45
Q

Sedation/Analgesia:
Alternative to most common combo (4)

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Morphine

46
Q

Midazolam

A

Versed

47
Q

Fentanyl

A

Sublimaze

48
Q

Diazepam

A

Valium

49
Q

Lorazepam

A

Ativan

50
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Dilaudid

51
Q

EtCO2 < 35 mmHg indicates

A

Anxiety

52
Q

EtCO2 > 45 mmHg indicates

A

Respiratory failure

53
Q

Neoplasm

A

“Tumor”
Abnormal growth of tissue: malignant (cancerous) or benign

54
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous: can spread to other areas

55
Q

Benign

A

Cannot spread to other areas

56
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled growth & spread of abnormal cells

57
Q

Carcinogenesis

A

Development of cancer in the body

58
Q

Primary liver cancer is often denoted by _______ _______ tumor(s), while metastatic liver cancer is often denoted by _______ _______ tumor(s)

A

One Large
Several small

59
Q

Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues

A

Infection

60
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the tissues of an organ or body structure

A

Inflammation (doesn’t necessarily include infection)

61
Q

A form of inflammation in which a massive amount of abnormal fluid is collected in body structures

A

Ascites

62
Q

Reactive inflammatory fluid resulting as a response to malignant processes

A

Ascites

63
Q

A bruise on the surface of the brain in the subdural space

A

Subdural Hematoma

63
Q

An accumulation of blood outside of a blood vessel

A

Hematoma

63
Q

Tear in the body of an organ

A

Laceration (fracture): can result in hematoma and infarction

64
Q

Loss of blood supply to an organ or region of tissue

A

Infarction–presents as areas that aren’t receiving adequate blood flow and therefore no contrast

65
Q

Abnormal sac-like structure filled with fluid, gas and/or semi-solids

A

Cyst

66
Q

Abnormal enlargement of a blood vessel

A

Aneurysm

67
Q
A

Patient Care-CTBC (4 decks)

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