PATIENT MANAGEMENT Flashcards
___ is defined as the science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. it is that form of dental practice which serves the community as a patient rather than the individual. it is concerned with the dental education of the public, with applied dental research, and with the administration of group dental care programs as well as the prevention and control of dental diseases on a community basis
dental public health
what is a gingival index?
- loe and silness
- scoring of gingival inflammation from 0-3, with 0 being normal and 3 being ulcerated tissue with a tendency toward spontaneous bleeding
why are periodontal indices not considered the best methods to measure periodontal disease?
because they both (periodontal index and periodontal disease index) combine gingivitis and periodontitis measure into a common score
the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) combines an assessment of what 3 things?
- gingival health
- pocket depth
- presence of supragingival and subgingival calculus
which index sets forth a method of quantifying the amount of plaque and calculus in its two components, the debris index and the calculus index
simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)
the prevalence of caries in the US declined substantially from the early 1970s until the mid 1990s as a result of ___
fluoridation, the use of fluorides, and other preventive measures
from the mid 1990s until the most recent NHANES survey (2004), among children 2-11 years old, what happened to the incidence of caries?
it increased slightly
the current best estimate of early childhood caries prevalence in the US is approximately ___% nationwide
- 5%
- in 2005, 28% of preschool aged children had experienced tooth decay (4 million children affected nationwide)
has the prevalence of coronal caries increased or decreased in recent decades among US adults?
decreased
more than ___% of US adults over 20 years old have at least one decayed or filled tooth
90%
the prevalence of caries among dentate adults 20 years or older increases with age until ___ years old, after which it plateaus at approximately ___ decayed and filled surfaces
- 59 years old
- 30
T or F:
it has been determined that nonwhites have significantly higher coronal DFS (decayed/filled surfaces) than whites
- false (opposite)
- whites have a mean coronal DFS twice as high as african americans
approximately ___% of dentate adults older than 20 have root caries
18%
although the prevalence of root caries has decreased compared with previous national surveys, root surface caries is 3x higher among adults ___ years and older compared with adults younger than ___ years old.
- 60
- 40
- this prevalence is lower for whites compared with other racial groups
the prevalence of gingivitis among school age children has been reported to be ___%. the prevalence among the US population 20 years and older is ___%
- 40-60%
- 53%
what is the most common form of periodontitis?
chronic
the prevalence of periodontitis in adults 30 and older is about ___%
- 47%
- 64.7 million adults
according to the national cancer institute, how many new cases of oral cancer would be diagnosed, and how many people would die of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in 2013? most of these oral cancers are ___ and ___
- 41,380 (M:F 2:1) would be diagnosed
- 7890 would die
- epidermoid carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas
in the US, oral cancer represents about ___% of all cancers, and about ___% of all cancer deaths
- 4%
- 2.2%
the incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancers increases with age and alcohol or tobacco use, and is uncommon before age ___
40
cancers of the ___ and ___ account for approximately 2/3 of all new oral and pharyngeal cancers, with the ___ being the most common site of incident cancers of the oral cavity
- lip and oral cavity
- tongue
which population has a higher incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancers compared to other racial groups?
whites
overall, the 5-year survival rate for oral and pharyngeal cancers is approximately ___%
63%
what is the recommended level of fluoride for a community water supply in the US?
0.7-1.2ppm
1ppm of fluoride is equivalent to ___mg of fluoride per liter of water
1
studies demonstrate that water fluoridation prevents ___% of caries in the permanent teeth of children without the addition of other fluoride products (toothpaste, rinses, etc), and is ___% with the fluoride products
- 50-70%
- 20-40%
what is the major difference between community water fluoridation and school water fluoridation?
the recommended concentration for school water fluoridation is 4.5x the concentration of fluoride recommended for community water supplies in the respective geographic area
school water fluoridation has shown a ___% reduction in caries when children have consumed school water fluoridation for 12 years
20-30%
since the early 1960s, ___ has become the most widely used fluoride compound for professional application. it has a pH of ___
- acidulated phosphate fluoride
- pH is about 3.0 (acidic)
- experimental work showed that the topical uptake of fluoride by enamel is greater in an acidic environment
___ indicates what proportion of a given population is affected by a condition at a given point in time
- prevalence
- number of people with the disease divided by the total number of people at risk
___ indicates the number of new cases that are expected to occur within a population over a period of time
- incidence
- number of new cases of the disease divided by the total number of people at risk
___ is a study in which the health conditions in a group of people who are, or are assumed to be, a sample of a particular population is assessed at one time
cross-sectional study
___ is a study in which people with a condition are compared to people without it, but who are similar in other characteristics
case-control study
___ is a study where a general population is followed through time to see who develops the disease, and the various exposure factors that affected the group are evaluated
prospective cohort study