Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LindseyJones Rapid Reference > PATIENT INFORMATION > Flashcards

PATIENT INFORMATION Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial Blood Gases

A
  • pH - 7.35 - 7.45
  • PaCO2 - 35 - 45 mmHg
  • PaO2 - 80 - 100 mmHg
  • HCO3 - 22 - 26 mEq/L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ventilation Parameters

A
  • VT (spont) - > 5 mL/kg
  • VC - 10 mL/kg
  • MIP - > -20 cm H2O
  • MEP - > +40 cm H2O
  • RSBI - < 106
  • Resp rate - 8-20/min
  • VD/VT ratio - 20-40% (off vent); < 60% (on vent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxygenation Parameters

A
  • SpO2 - >94%
  • A-aDO2 25-65 mmHg
  • CaO2 - 17-20 vol%
  • CvO2 - 14-16 vol%
  • C(a-v)O2 - 4-5 vol%
  • P/F ratio - > 380
  • Qs/Qt (shunt) - 3 - 5%
  • PetCO2 - 25-35 mmHg
  • PetCO2% - 2 - 5%
  • PAO2 - 100 mmHg (room air)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitals

A
  • Pulse - 60 - 100 bpm
  • BP - 120-80 mmHg
  • Temp (oral) - 37ºC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonary Function

A
  • Fev1 - > 80% of predicted
  • Fev1 /FVC% - 70% or greater
  • DLCO - 20 - 25 mL/CO/min/mmHg
  • SVC - > 80% of predicted
  • FVC - > 80% of predicted
  • RAW - 0.6 - 2.4 cmH2O/L/sec
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemodynamics

A
  • C.O. - 4 - 8 L/min
  • C.I. - 2 - 4 L/min/m2
  • CVP - 2 - 6 mmHg
  • mPAP - 14 mmHg or 25/8 mmHg
  • PCWP - 7 - 9 mmHg
  • SVR - 1440 dynes
  • PVR - 160 - 200 dynes
  • MAP - 93 mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electrolytes

A
  • K+ - 3.5 - 4.5 mEq/L
  • Na+ - 135 - 145 mEq/L
  • Cl- - 80 - 100 mEq/L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Other Laboratory Values

A
  • Creatinine - 0.7 - 1.3 mg/dL
  • BUN - 8 - 25 mg/dL
  • WBC - 4,000 - 12,000 cu mm
  • Hb - 12 - 16 gm/dL
  • RBC - 4 - 6 mill/cu mm
  • HCT - 45%
  • PT - 23 - 32 seconds
  • APTT - 12 - 15 seconds
  • Platelet cnt - 150,000 - 400,000 units
  • Theophylline - 10 - 20 ug/L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurological

A

ICP - 5 - 10 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arterial Blood Gases

A
  • pH - 7.35 - 7.45
  • PaCO2 - 35 - 45 mmHg
  • PaO2 - 60 - 80 mmHg
  • HCO3 - 22 - 26 mEq/L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ventilation Parameters

A
  • Resp rate - 30 - 60/min
  • Apnea - up to 10 seconds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oxygenation Parameters

A

SpO2 - > 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vitals

A
  • Pulse - 110 - 160 bpm
  • Temp - 36 - 37ºC
  • BP - 60/40 mmHg (term), 55/35 mmHg (preterm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

APGAR Assessment

A

1 & 5 minute - 7 - 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Maturity

A
  • Birth weight - 3000 grams or more
  • Gestation - 38-42 weeks
  • L/S ratio - 2:1
  • New Ballard - 40
  • Silverman - 0 - 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other Laboratory Values

A
  • WBC - 4500 - 10000 cu mm
  • Hb - 17 - 22 gm/dL
  • Glucose - 35 mg/dL (term), 30 mg/dL (preterm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

“Adventitious”

A

abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“Vesicular”

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wheezing (Bilateral)

A

bronchoconstriction - treat with bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wheezing (Unilateral)

A

foreign body aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rhonchi

A

secretions in the large airway - treat by suctioning or cough instruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rales (crackles) (medium)

A

secretions in middle sized airways - treat with CPT, PEP therapy, (anything to mobilize secretions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rales (crackles) (fine)

A

atelectasis - hyperinflation therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rales (crackles) (fine moist)

A

fluid overload, pulmonary edema, CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Stridor

A

upper air inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Stridor (mild)

A

treat with cool mist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stridor (moderate)

A

racemic epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Stridor (marked or severe)

A

intubate or send to surgery for tracheostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Deviation TOWARD the problem

A

pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, lobectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Deviation AWAY from the problem

A

pneumothorax, pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Types of X-rays

A
  • AP - for non-ambulatory pts
  • PA - for ambulatory pts only (preferred perspective)
  • Lateral - facilitates 3D view
  • Lateral decubitus - detect pleural effusions
  • Lateral neck - used to detect inflammation above or below the epiglottis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Normal Placements

A
  • ET tube - 2 - 5 cm above carina level with aortic knob level with 4th rib or T4
  • Central venous catheter - in right atrium or vena cava
  • Pulmonary artery catheter - tip in right lower lung field
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Other Radiological Procedures

A
  • V/Q scan - detect pulmonary emboli
  • MRI - no metal, used for 3D visualization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Tracheal shift from midline

A
  • pneumothorax
  • hemothorax
  • significant atelectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Obliterated costophrenic angles

A
  • pleural effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Flattened diaphragm

A
  • COPD
  • significant air trapping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fluffy infiltrates

A
  • pulmonary edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Wedge-shaped infiltrates

A
  • pulmonary embolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Butterfly or bat wing pattern

A
  • pulmonary edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Plate-like or patchy infiltrates

A
  • ARDS or atelectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Scattered patchy infiltrates

A
  • ARDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Ground glass or honeycomb pattern

A
  • ARDS or IRDS
43
Q

Reticulogranular or granular pattern

A
  • ARDS or IRDS
44
Q

Concave superior border or interface

A
  • pleural effusion
45
Q

Consolidation or haziness

A
  • pneumonia
46
Q

Radiological Exam Quality and Technique

A
  • spaces between vertebrae are supposed to be visible distinct
  • apices (apexes) are supposed to be level - if not patient may be rotated, x-ray should be repeated
  • overexposure causes lung dark areas to become darker
  • underexposure causes whiter lung fields
47
Q

Diaphoresis and Fluid Retention

A
  • CHF and fluid overload
  • Myocardial infarction - “cold” and “clammy” to the touch
  • Tuberculosis - night sweats
  • Febrile conditions
  • Pitting Peripheral Edema (rated +1, +2, +3) indicates fluid overload - diuretics needed
48
Q

Medical Records

A
  • Diagnosis, chief complaint
  • Signs - (objective information) - data that can be observed by the caregiver. ie, color, chest configuration, etc
  • Symptoms - (subjective information) - data that must be reported by the patient. ie, pain, dyspnea *baby or comatose pt cannot report symptoms
  • Occupation exposure - pulmonary irritants
  • Smoking history
  • Pack years - avg pks per day x years
49
Q

Interview Technique

A
  • Pictograms for children or intubated pts
  • Pain - rate 1- 10
  • Ask open-ended questions
50
Q

Values

A
  • CVP
  • PAP
  • PCWP
  • C.O. or
  • C.I.
51
Q

Purpose

A
  • Identify one of 5 problem areas:
    • right heart
    • lungs
    • left heart
    • fluid overload or
    • dehydration
52
Q

Interpretive Steps

A
  1. Look at CVP, PAP, PCWP, CO in that order
  2. Look for the pattern when values go from HIGH to low or HIGH to normal
  3. The anatomy in between these two values is the problem area
53
Q

Other Interpretations

A
  • All values high = fluid overload (especially CVP and PCWP)
  • All values low = dehydration (especially CVP and PCWP)
  • Lung heart problems = CHF, mitral valve stenosis, etc
  • Right heart problems = cor pulmonale, right heart failure, etc
  • Pulmonary problems = pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, etc.
54
Q

Patient is Obstructive if:

A
  • FEV1/FVC% - < 70% OR
  • FEV1 - < 80% of predicted
55
Q

Patient is Restrictive if:

A
  • SVC - < 80% of predicted OR
  • FVC - < 80% of predicted
56
Q

Diffusion Impairment present if

A
  • DLCO < 20 mL/CO/min/mmHg
57
Q

Poor patient effort if

A
  • FVC > SVC
  • Trials are not within 5%
58
Q

Best Test (trial) determination

A
  • Best Effort = highest (Fev1 + FVC)
59
Q

Tall, narrow flow-volume loop

A
  • RESTRICTIVE pattern
60
Q

Short, wide flow-volume loop

A
  • OBSTRUCTIVE pattern
61
Q

“Round” flow-volume loop

A
  • Vocal cord cancer or paralysis
62
Q

PVCs

A
  • Stop procedure
  • Give oxygen
63
Q

V-Tach

A
  • Defibrillate
  • Compression if no pulse
64
Q

3rd Degree Block

A

turn on external pacemaker

65
Q

Rate > 200

A

flutter

66
Q

Rate - fast, uncountable

A

fibrillation

67
Q

Pulseless V-Tach

A
  • chest compressions
  • epinephrine
68
Q

V-tach with pulse

A

defibrillate with synch OFF

69
Q

Atrial arrythmia

A

cardiovert with synch ON

70
Q

Asystole

A

compressions, DO NOT SHOCK

71
Q

PVCs

A
  • stop all therapies; ie, suctioning CPT
  • give oxygen
72
Q

2nd Degree Block

A
  • attach external pacemaker
  • DO NOT TURN ON unless it transitions into a 3rd degree block
73
Q

Spiked T Waves

A

hyperkalemia

74
Q

Flattened T waves

A

hypokalemia

75
Q

Cardiac ischemia

A

inverted T waves (opposite of P waves)

76
Q

Cardiac Injury (Heart Attack)

A

elevated S-T segment

77
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A
  • tissue death
  • pronounced Q waves
78
Q

Chest pain

A

give 4 lpm NC to reduce work of the heart OR keep SpO2 of 94% or higher

79
Q

PAO2

A

PAO2 = [(PAO2 = [(PB - PH2O) x FIO2 - (PaCO2 x 1.25) PB - PH2O) x FIO2 - (PaCO2 x 1.25)

80
Q

A-aDO2

A

A-aDO2 = PAO2 - PaO2

81
Q

CaO2

A

CaO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003)

82
Q

CvO2

A

CvO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) + (PvO2 x 0.003)

83
Q

C(a-v)O2

A

C(a-v)O2 = CaO2 - CvO2

84
Q

PF ratio

A

PF ratio = PaO2/FiO2

85
Q

Est SaO2

A

Est SaO2 = PaO2 + 30 (only if PaO2 40-60 torr)

86
Q

QS/QT

A

QS/QT = [(A-aDO2) x 0.003]/[(A-aDO2) x 0.003] + C(a-v)O2

87
Q

Vd/Vt

A

Vd/Vt = (PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2 x 100

88
Q

Dyn Compliance

A

Dyn Compliance = Exhaled VT/(PIP - PEEP)

89
Q

Static Compliance

A

Static Compliance = Exhaled VT/(Plateau - PEEP)

90
Q

VA

A

VA = (Vt - Vd) x RR (Alveolar Min Ventilation)

91
Q

Est Vd

A

Est Vd = 1 mL per lb of ideal body weight

92
Q

QT

A

QT = VO2/[C(a-v)O2 x 10]

93
Q

VO2

A

VO2= C(a-v)O2 x C.O. (L) x 10

94
Q

C.O.

A

C.O. = stroke volume x heart rate

95
Q

C.I.

A

C.I. = C.O./BSA

96
Q

MAP

A

MAP = [(1 x systolic) + (2 x diastolic)]/3

97
Q

SVR

A

SVR = [(MAP - CVP)/C.O. (QT)] x 80

98
Q

SVRI

A

SVRI = [(MAP - CVP)/C.I.] x 80

99
Q

PVR

A

PVR = [(PAP - PCWP)/C.O. (QT)] x 80

100
Q

How many milligrams in a drug

A

drug% x 10 in 1 mL of that drug

101
Q

1 inch

A

2.54 cm

102
Q

Kg

A
  1. lbs/2
  2. subtract 10% from remainder
103
Q

Ideal Body Weight

A
  • First 5 ft of height = 106 lbs
  • Add 7 lbs/inch for men
  • Add 6 lbs/inch for women
  • May have to subtract lbs if under 5 ft
  • Pt considered obese if 20-30 lbs overweight

LindseyJones Rapid Reference (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions