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DPT 710 > Patient Examination of Elbow > Flashcards

Patient Examination of Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the elbow is to work with what other structures?

A

Shoulder and Hand

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2
Q

Is the elbow an unstable or stable joint?

A

Stable

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3
Q

What are the 3 articulations of the Elbow?

A
  1. Humeroulnar Joint
  2. Humeroradial Joint
  3. Proximal Radioulnar Joint
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4
Q

What surfaces are concave/convex for the humeroulnar joint

A

Ulna concave
Humerus convex

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5
Q

What surfaces are concave/convex for humeroradial joint?

A

Radius concave
Humerus convex

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6
Q

What surfaces are concave/convex for proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulna concave
Radius convex

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7
Q

What are the 3 lateral symptom locations?

A

Epicondyle, LCL, Radius

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8
Q

What are the 4 medial symptom locations?

A

Epicondyle, UCL, Ulnar Nerve, Ulna

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9
Q

What are the 3 posterior symptom locations?

A

Olecranon, Triceps, Valgus extension overload

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10
Q

What are the 3 anterior cubital fossa symptom locations?

A

Brachialis (biceps mm), posterior interosseous nerve, capsule

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11
Q

If pain changes with gripping activities, we are thinking?

A

Epicondyalgia

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12
Q

If the elbow was hyperextended at the injury, we are thinking?

A

Ligamentus or capsule

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13
Q

If symptoms increase with throwing activity, we are thinking?

A

Medial epicondyle

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14
Q

Red flags?

A
  • angina (precipitated by physical exertion)
  • severe persistent pain not affected by movement
  • sudden swelling w/o trauma indicative of infection, inflammation, or gout
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15
Q

PROM with Overpressure (flex, ext, pronation, supination)

A

Flex: soft
Ext: hard
Pronation: hard or firm
Supination: firm

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16
Q

Reason why pronation is hard or firm overpressure is because of?

A

Dorsal radioulnar ligament

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17
Q

The carrying angle of the arm is approx?

A

15°

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18
Q

Carrying angle is bigger in males or females?

A

Females

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19
Q

Carrying angle is valgus or varus inclination

A

Valgus

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20
Q

Carrying angle increase what action of the elbow?

A

Elbow flexion

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21
Q

Carrying angle directs ulna medial or lateral during extension?

A

Lateral

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22
Q

What are 3 influences of the T/S or shoulder that have an affect on the elbow?

A
  • kyphosis
  • GHJ not rounded
  • larger carrying angle
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23
Q

What is the resting/open-pack position for humeroradial joint?

A

Extension and supination

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24
Q

What is closed pack for humeroradial joint?

A

90° Elbow Flex and 5° supination

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25
Q

What is the humeroradial joint capsular pattern?

A

No true capsular pattern

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26
Q

What is the open-packed position for proximal radioulnar joint?

A

70° flex and 35° supination

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27
Q

What is closed pack for proximal radio ulnar joint?

A

5° supination

28
Q

What is the capsular pattern for proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Minimal loss of motion, end ranges are pronation and supination

29
Q

For the HU and HR joints, what 2 motions would you want to do for mobs?

A

Flexion and extension

30
Q

For Proximal RU joint, what 2 motions would you want to do for mobs?

A

Pronation and supination

31
Q

What are the 9 common diagnoses and injuries of the elbow?

A
  1. Cubital tunnel syndrome
  2. Bursitis
  3. Dislocation
  4. Fracture
  5. Compartment syndrome
  6. Lateral/medial epicondyle
  7. Nursemaid’s elbow
  8. Posterior impingement
  9. Tendinitis/osis
32
Q

Tennis elbow is also known as what? And caused by overuse of what two actions?

A

Lateral epicondylalgia, overuse injury - combined rotation with extension

33
Q

What are the primary and secondary muscles involved in lateral epicondylalgia?

A

Primary - ECRB and ECRL
Secondary - Anconeus and EDC (extensor digitorum communius)

34
Q

What are the 4 typical signs and symptoms of tennis elbow?

A

TTP over lat epicondyle, pain with strong gripping, decreased grip strength, pain with passive stretching of forearm

35
Q

What are the 3 aggs of tennis elbow?

A

Repetitive wrist turning/hand gripping, using tools/shaking hands/twisting, baseball/fencing/swimming/track & field throwing

36
Q

What are the eases of tennis elbow?

A

Rest and activity modification

37
Q

Overload of what two motions for tennis elbow?

A

Wrist ext, and radial dev

38
Q

What is another name for medial epicondylalgia?

A

Golfer’s elbow

39
Q

Golfer’s elbow is repetitive concentric/eccentric stress placed on

A

FCRB and pronator teres

40
Q

Secondary structures affected for medial epicondylalgia are?

A

Palmaris longus, FDS, and FCU

41
Q

5 What are the typical signs and symptoms for medial epicondylalgia?

A

Weak grip strength, pain with repetitive wrist flexion/pronation, contracture seen in throwing athletes, dull ache immediately after activity and at rest, sharp or achy pain radiating down the medial forearm

42
Q

What are the typical aggs of golfers elbow?

A

Golf/tennis/bowling/racquetball/football/archery/weight lighting/javelin, carpentry/plumbing/meat cutting, throwing in late cocking and acceleration (ER to IR) bc of valgus stress

43
Q

What are the typical eases for golfers elbow?

A

Rest and activity modification

44
Q

What is the MOI for Biceps tendonitis?

A

Repetitive hyper extension of elbow with pronation or repetitive stressful pronation and supination

45
Q

Olecranon Bursitis MOI?

A

Direct trauma

46
Q

Secondary conditions to Olecranon bursitis?

A

Gout, SLE (lupus), chronic friction, infection, repetitive overuse

47
Q

What populations does Olecranon bursitis typically affect?

A

Students and Athletes - from fall on elbow high

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of Olecranon bursitis?

A

Swelling, warmth, heat to post elbow

49
Q

Aggs for Olecranon bursitis?

A

Full ext, repetitive extension, wearing long sleeves, compression to elbow

50
Q

Eases for Olecranon bursitis?

A

Rest, guarding of elbow in slight flexion

51
Q

Medial ligament sprain or tear is injuring what ligament?

A

UCL

52
Q

UCL sprain MOI is? Examples?

A

Chronic valgus and ER forces
(I.e. tennis serve, baseball pitch, FOOSH)

53
Q

Repetitive stress of the UCL can lead to

A

Osteophyte formation

54
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for UCL spain?

A

Medial elbow pain, decreased ROM

55
Q

What ligament in the elbow is damaged laterally?

A

Radial Collateral ligament

56
Q

RCL injury MOI is

A

Axial compression, ER, varus force, FOOSH

57
Q

Signs and symptoms of RCL injury is

A

-lateral side pain
-clicking sound during ext
-catching when extended
-dislocation
-difficulty lifting objects

58
Q

UCL is comprised of 3 components

A

Anterior bundle, posterior bundle, and transverse ligament

59
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome MOI

A
  • trauma
  • prolonged compressive or stretching forces
  • secondary trauma or joint disfigurement or dysfunction
60
Q

Signs and symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome

A
  • Initial: pain, point tenderness, swelling medial aspect
  • Progress: numb, tingling, cold feeling medial distal 3rd of forearm and little and ring fingers
  • if pt sleeps with elbow fully flexed, may wake with n/t
  • ulnar distribution sensation changes
61
Q

Aggs of cubital tunnel syndrome

A
  • compression, stretching, or overload activities
  • pitching
  • resting with elbow on table
  • sleep
62
Q

Eases of cubital tunnel syndrome

A
  • positional changes
63
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome is

A

Mononeuropathy caused by entrapment, compression, stretch, ischemia, infection or inflammation to the ulnar nerve

64
Q

What is the most commonly injured peripheral nerve

A

Radial nerve

65
Q

Radial nerve entrapment involved by

A

Contusion or mild stretching

66
Q

Locations and sensory/motor loss for radial nerve entrapment

A
  • High radial nerve compression (both)
  • PIN syndrome (motor)
  • Radial tunnel syndrome (sensory)
  • radial sensory nerve entrapment (sensory)
67
Q

What is nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Subluxation of radial head from the annular ligament

DPT 710 (1 decks)

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