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Patient Centered Care > Patient Centered Care > Flashcards

Patient Centered Care Flashcards

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1
Q

Who must be considered first when making care decisions?

A

Patient and the families

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2
Q

Who is the source of control in patient care decisions?

A

Patient

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3
Q

Three important things to consider in patient care are patient _______, _______, and ______.

A

preferences, values, and needs

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4
Q

The delivery of patient-centered care requires : _______ competence and _____ literacy.

A

cultural competence and health literacy

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5
Q

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines _____ as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions

A

health literacy

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6
Q

______ _______ is defined as the ability of systems to provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs and behaviors.

A

Cultural competence

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7
Q

What are some of the ways healthcare facilities incorporate cultural competence?

A
  • . cultural assessment at admission
  • “language line” or qualified interpreter
  • spiritual needs of patients and families e.g., clergy of various religion
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8
Q

What is health literacy based on?

A
  • Communication skills of lay persons and professionals
  • Lay persons and professionals knowledge of health topics
  • Culture
  • Demands of the healthcare and public health systems
  • Demands of the situation/context
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9
Q

What is the best way to assess understanding of patients and families so as to attain good outcome of care?

A

Have the patient or family perform “teach-back”

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10
Q

What is a good way to assess the level of learning of patients and families?

A

Have the patient or family perform “teach-back”

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11
Q

What health literacy would be needed for a diabetic patient for self-care between visits to HCP?

A

Able to accurately determine the blood sugar levels
- Know how test needs to be done
- How frequently
- Record the reading
Know to measure the medication accurately
Able to take medication correctly

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12
Q

How does health literacy affect care delivery?

A

Patients must be able to:

  • navigate the healthcare system, including filling out complex forms and locating providers and services
  • share personal information, such as health history, with providers
  • engage in self-care and chronic-disease management
  • understand mathematical concepts such as probability and risk
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13
Q

Health literacy includes numeracy skills. True or False.

A

True

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14
Q

Literacy is defined as a person’s ability to read, write, speak, and compute and solve problems. True or False.

A

True

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15
Q

Illiteracy means being unable to read or write. True or False.

A

True

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16
Q

A person who has limited or low literacy skills is not illiterate. True or False.

A

True

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17
Q

What is plain language?

A

It is a strategy for making written and oral information easier to understand so that users can understand the first time they read or hear it.

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18
Q

Culture affects how people communicate, understand, and respond to health information. True or False.

A

True

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19
Q

Which population is most likely to have low health literacy?

A

Older adults, racial and ethnic minorities, people with less than a high school degree or GED certificate, people with low income levels, non-native speakers of English, and people with compromised health status

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20
Q

Health information can overwhelm even persons with advanced literacy skills. True or False.

A

True

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21
Q

What are the key elements of plain language?

A
  • Organizing information so that the most important points come first
  • Breaking complex information into understandable chunks
  • Using simple language and defining technical terms
  • Using the active voice
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22
Q

According to the Quality and Safety Education in Nursing (QSEN) what three things must nurses possess to deliver safe, effective care?

A

knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs)

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23
Q

What are traumatic events?

A
  • Sudden, unexpected, and extreme
  • Usually involve physical harm or perceived life threat
  • Events that are or perceived out of their control
  • Effect at vulnerable stages of life including childhood, teens and early twenties.
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24
Q

What is child traumatic stress?

A

Physical and emotional response of a child to events that pose a threat to the child or someone important to them.

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25
Q

What are the emotional response of a child experiencing trauma?

A
  • unable to cope
  • feelings of terror and powerlessness
  • physiological arousal they cannot control
  • affects the way children view self, the world around them, and their future
  • may not be able to trust others
  • may not feel safe
  • may have difficulty handling life changes.
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26
Q

What is acute trauma?

A

one-time traumatic event

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27
Q

Examples of acute trauma

A

An auto accident
A violent event in the community, such as a shooting
A natural disaster such as a flood or a hurricane
A sudden loss of someone the child cares about
An assault

28
Q

What is the emotional response of a child experience acute trauma?

A

Feels a range of emotions and physical reactions that are quite overwhelming

29
Q

What is chronic trauma?

A

multiple traumatic events that may be varied in circumstances

30
Q

Example of chronic trauma of a child

A

Ongoing sexual abuse, a victim of physical assault at school, and involved in a car accident

31
Q

Chronic trauma can have a cumulative effect means?

A

Subsequent traumatic events remind the person of prior trauma and can trigger emotions and thoughts related to that prior trauma.

32
Q

What is complex trauma?

A

Impact of chronic trauma on a child’s life and developing systems.

33
Q

Examples of complex trauma.

A

Child who experienced multiple traumatic events, often from early childhood, that has a profound impact on the child’s development and ability to function normally.

34
Q

Who is/Which is child is likely to have chronic trauma?

A

Children involved in child welfare system due to family violence, substance abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, subsequent placement in foster care, and removal of primary caregiver.

35
Q

What is the universal precaution approach?

A

The prevalence of trauma is so high that child welfare workers should assume that everyone they serve has a trauma history.

36
Q

What may be a traumatic event for one child, may not be for another child. True or False.

A

True

37
Q

The _______ nature of the event and the child’s ______ response determines the effect that event will have on the child.

A

objective, subjective

38
Q

What are the considerations while assessing a child’s trauma history?

A
  • age and developmental level of the child
  • perception of danger
  • role in the event (victim or witness)
  • History of previous trauma
  • Protective capacities of adults involved in the child’s life
39
Q

Building Trauma Informed Care Systems requires a Paradigm Shift from the Question:
“What is wrong with you?” to ?

A

“What happened to you?”

40
Q

What is a child’s behavior indicative of?

A
  • Coping Mechanisms
  • Survival Techniques
  • Resiliency
41
Q

What is one of the most important things providers can do for trauma patients?

A

avoid re-traumatizing them

42
Q

Children who have suffered trauma are impacted in ________ and physical and __________ development.

A

attachment; psychological

43
Q

Unhealthy coping of child with trauma may lead to?

A
  • Substance abuse
  • Mental health issues (such as depression and suicide)
  • Promiscuity
  • Criminal behavior
44
Q

Children who have experienced multiple traumatic events are often diagnosed with ?

A

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

45
Q

What are some PTSD symptoms felt by a child?

A
  • re-experience the trauma (typically through flashbacks and nightmares)
  • avoid stimuli associated with the trauma
  • disengage from their emotions (may lose interest in things they used to like to do)
  • physical symptoms for no medical reason (stomach aches, headaches, etc.)
  • more hyper vigilant (startle easily)
46
Q

Trauma often has a profound impact on the development of a child’s?

A

brain, brain chemistry and nervous system

47
Q

Studies show stress hormones of traumatized children are similar to those of?

A

war veterans

48
Q

What are some of the disorders child in welfare system and/or victims of multiple traumatic events are often diagnosed with?

A 
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Conduct Disorder
49
Q

Who is a client?

A

anyone who receives mental health services

50
Q

How does trauma impact brain in early childhood?

A
  • reduce the size of the cortex, which is responsible for complex functions such as language and memory, which contributes to reduced gross motor abilities and maladaptive development
  • impact the brain’s ability to “cross-talk” between the hemispheres which includes the parts of the brain that control emotions, which can affect IQ. It can also affect the ability to regulate emotions which can lead a child feeling fearful and unsafe.
51
Q

How does trauma impact brain in school aged children?

A

It impact the parts of the brain that are responsible for managing fears, learning, and impulse control.

52
Q

What are the symptoms shown by school aged children affected by trauma?

A

Problems at school (both behavior and learning)
Disrupted sleeping patterns
May withdraw or become clingy
Difficulty in relationships with siblings and/or peers
Physical symptoms for which there is no medical reason for (aches and pains, feeling sick)

53
Q

How does trauma impact brain of adolescent?

A

It can impact the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is the part of the brain responsible for connecting behaviors and consequences, problem solving, inhibitions, and impulse control

54
Q

What are symptoms of adolescent affected by trauma?

A

More risk-taking behavior, make poor decisions, not perform well at school and become involved in criminal activity.

55
Q

What are cultural considerations when assessing trauma?

A
  • How the family and child communicate
  • How the family responds to the trauma (shame, guilt, blame, denial, acceptance)
  • Any stress or vulnerability the child and/or family is experiencing because of their culture (discrimination, stereotyping, poverty, less access to resources)
  • How the child and family feel about interventions regarding the trauma
56
Q

What is historical trauma?

A

the cumulative exposure to traumatic events that not only affect the individual exposed, but continue to affect subsequent generations.

57
Q

Examples of historical trauma.

A

Legacy of slavery among African Americans, Impact of massacres, removal from homelands, and forced boarding school placements for American Indians and Alaskan Natives.

58
Q

What is disproportionality?

A

overrepresentation of a particular race or cultural group in a particular program or system

59
Q

Traumatized children may become_____ adults.

A

traumatized

60
Q

What is compassion fatigue?

A

a natural consequence of helping traumatized individuals, often due to the empathy the “helper” feels from working with individuals who have suffered.

61
Q

What is empathy?

A

the capacity to understand another’s state of mind…putting yourself in someone else’s shoes.

62
Q

Empathy is a positive trait as long as you care for____ too.

A

yourself

63
Q

What are the symptoms of Compassion Fatigue?

A 
Irritability
Apathy
Loss of Motivation
Fatigue
Overwhelmed
Loss of interest in things you enjoy
Intrusive thoughts (especially about work)
64
Q

People who are truly “burned out” lose the ability to empathize. True or False.

A

True

65
Q

Individuals who experience Compassion Fatigue, desire to help and empathize with the children and families they serve. However, they become overwhelmed by their own thoughts and feelings to do so. True or False.

A

True

Patient Centered Care (1 decks)

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