Patient Care Final Exam Flashcards by Daniel R.

True or False: If there is a spill on the floor, you should never clean it up and notify housekeeping

FALSE

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Alcoholic based sanitizers are effective against Clostridium diffocele?

FALSE

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What are the documents that provide instructions about the patient’s wishes for treatment if the patient is unable to communicate his or her wishes known as?

Advance Directives

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What respiratory rate for a RESTING adult would be considered abnormal

24 breaths per minute

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What method of obtaining a patient’s temperature is the most accurate?

Rectal

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What happens when a blood pressure cuff that is used on a patient that is too small?

False high reading

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What’s the reading for an adult oral temperature?

98.6

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What is a G-tube?

Gastrostomy tube - a tube inserted through abdominal wall into the stomach for feeding

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How is an NGT secured?

Tape

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What is the first sound that is heard when deflating a blood pressure cuff?

Systolic pressure

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A patient’s blood pressure is 182/84. What is your next action?

Inform your supervisor immediately.

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How is a G-tube kept in place?

Balloon

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What life threatening complication are patients who receive tube feeds at risk for?

Aspiration

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Smallest diameter catheter would be a

16 French

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Patients on a cardiac diet should consume

lean meats and green vegetables

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Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is administered

intravenously

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A urinary drainage bag should be attached to the

bedframe

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When inserting an indwelling urinary catheter, one urine is seen in the tubing, what is done next?

advance the catheter 1-2 more inches

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A 4 oz cup of juice is equivalent to how many ml

120 ml

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Are urinary catheters considered a sterile technique?

yes

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catheters and needles are the opposite in terms of selecting their size. small numbers (like a 16 French) means the catheter will be small too. With needle gauges, it’s the opposite. Explain.

Example: a 22 gauge needle would be for the elderly or for kids and a 14 gauge would be way bigger, for trauma or rapid infusions.

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How is an endotracheal tube held in place?

Balloon

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What is the purpose of a cast when a fracture has occurred?

To keep the bones in position while the fracture heals

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Renal diet

limits sodium, phosphorous, potassium, fluids

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A gastrostomy tube feeding goes directly

into the patient's stomach

when selecting a vein for IV therapy, which veins should you consider first?

veins that are distal

How do you know the tourniquet is properly placed for venipuncture?

apply 3-4 inches above the selected sight

What's the proper angle for IV cannulation?

15 degrees

A central venous catheter is placed

in the antecubital space with the tip extending to the superior vena cava

What is a PICC line

peripherally inserted central catheter

when starting an IV, metacarpal veins are

difficult to stabilize

In Alzheimers Disease, the brain actually

shrinks

Respiration rate <10

bradypnea 12-20 is considered normal

patient will exhibit the signs and symptoms (S&S) of hypoxemia if blood oxygen saturation is <

Systolic/Diastolic guidelines for blood pressure

normal: 120/80 prehypertension: 120-139 or 80-89

Systolic/Diastolic guidelines for blood pressure

normal: 120/80 prehypertension: 120-139 or 80-89 hypertension stage 1: 140-159 or 90-99 hypertension stage 2: 160+ or 100+

Mode of transmission, "droplet" is within how many feet

3 feet

HEPA stands for

High Efficiency Particulate Air (for respirators)

NIOSH stands for

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

What will BREAK the chain of infection

proper hand hygiene

In terms of pressure ulcer prevention, don't elevate the HOB more than how many degrees

30 degrees

R.A.C.E. - in case of a fire, stands for

R - rescue patients A - alarm C - contain fire E - extinguish fire

OSHA stands for

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

ADA diet

As Diet Allows

NCS diet

No Concentrated Sweets diet

what is a fomite

objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture

easy to visualize/palpate/stabilize

cephalic

Vesicant drugs

Vesicants: Drugs that can result in tissue necrosis or formation of blisters when accidentally infused into tissue surrounding a vein

complications of IV therapy

Interstitial infusions  Tissue necrosis  Nerve damage  Phlebitis  Thrombophlebitis, DVT, Embolism

Patients may be put on a ‘vent’ because of

pathological conditions, respiratory disorders or diseases of neurological or neuromuscular function

Keep tracheostomy patients in what position

Fowlers!

Patient can’t speak, whistle, blow nose, suck a straw

Laryngectomy

Difference between pneumothorax and hemothorax

pneumo is air in the pleural cavity hemo is fluid in the pleural cavity

Commonly used drains include:

– T-Tube – Jackson-Pratt, Hemovac – Penrose

End Stage Renal Failure, ESRF

S&S are due to the build up of Urea in the blood (Uremia)

In hemodialysis, what is a fistula?

Artery and vein joined together in arm

In hemodialysis, what is a graft?

Soft tube joins an artery and vein in arm

In hemodialysis, what is a catheter?

Soft tube placed in a large vein, usually in neck

In the dialyzer (during hemodialysis), waste products filter from the blood through an artificial membrane into a fluid called the

dialysate

the body's natural dialyser is the

peritoneal membrane

in peritoneal dialysis, what happens?

Dialysate fluid is infused into the peritoneal cavity so that it can be in contact with the body’s natural dialyser, the peritoneal membrane Peritoneal membrane contains capillaries that diffuse blood into the dialysate and back to blood stream

In a petite mal seizure, what happens

Momentary lapses of muscle tone – Patient appears to stare blankly

In a grand mal seizure, what happens

Bilateral generalized motor movement (convulsions) and muscular rigidity May be preceded by an Aura Seizure Disorder

people with a spinal cord injury are most susceptible for

autonomic dysreflexia... symptoms include extremely high bp, overfull bladder retention, constipation, severe headache etc "dysreflexia" just think... things that used to be "reflexive" are NOT!

ec·chy·mo·sis

COMMON WITH A BONE FRACTURE! (also edema) Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.

3 components of treating a broken bone

hardware, casting, traction

what is commonly caused by falls but may be the cause of the fall

fractured hip

assessment of a fractured hip

Leg on affected side is shorter and externally rotated – Pain in hip area or knee – Edema or ecchymosis in the hip, thigh, groin or lower pelvic area

Treatment for a fractured hip includes O.R.I.F. and T.H.A.

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (O.R.I.F.) * Fractured bone is manually manipulated back into alignment and held in place with hardware – Total Hip Arthroplasty (T.H.A.) * Replacement of patient’s hip joint with prosthetic hip

With patients with a prosthetic hip, maintain the legs in what position

abducted position, don't allow the patient to bend at waist either.

Birth one year is what stage

Oral-Sensory (trust) To learn to trust

1-3 years what stage

Muscular-anal (toddler) To recognize self as an independent being

3-5 years what stage

Locomotor (initiate stage) To recognize self as a family member

6-11 years what stage

Latency (industry) To demonstrate physical and mental abilities

12-18 years what stage

Adolescence (Identity) To develop a sense of individuality as a sexual being

Use child’s name, use simple terms, demonstrate on a doll, allow independence

Preschooler

Use child’s name, explain in simple terms, allow child to handle equipment, allow independence

Toddler

Respiration rate and heart rate significantly decrease as a child develops into an adult. True or False

TRUE

At 3 years, average temperature of infant has been climbing. At 3 years though, it begins to

DECREASE