Patient Care Final Exam Flashcards
True or False: If there is a spill on the floor, you should never clean it up and notify housekeeping
FALSE
Alcoholic based sanitizers are effective against Clostridium diffocele?
FALSE
What are the documents that provide instructions about the patient’s wishes for treatment if the patient is unable to communicate his or her wishes known as?
Advance Directives
What respiratory rate for a RESTING adult would be considered abnormal
24 breaths per minute
What method of obtaining a patient’s temperature is the most accurate?
Rectal
What happens when a blood pressure cuff that is used on a patient that is too small?
False high reading
What’s the reading for an adult oral temperature?
98.6
What is a G-tube?
Gastrostomy tube - a tube inserted through abdominal wall into the stomach for feeding
How is an NGT secured?
Tape
What is the first sound that is heard when deflating a blood pressure cuff?
Systolic pressure
A patient’s blood pressure is 182/84. What is your next action?
Inform your supervisor immediately.
How is a G-tube kept in place?
Balloon
What life threatening complication are patients who receive tube feeds at risk for?
Aspiration
Smallest diameter catheter would be a
16 French
Patients on a cardiac diet should consume
lean meats and green vegetables
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is administered
intravenously
A urinary drainage bag should be attached to the
bedframe
When inserting an indwelling urinary catheter, one urine is seen in the tubing, what is done next?
advance the catheter 1-2 more inches
A 4 oz cup of juice is equivalent to how many ml
120 ml
Are urinary catheters considered a sterile technique?
yes
catheters and needles are the opposite in terms of selecting their size. small numbers (like a 16 French) means the catheter will be small too. With needle gauges, it’s the opposite. Explain.
Example: a 22 gauge needle would be for the elderly or for kids and a 14 gauge would be way bigger, for trauma or rapid infusions.
How is an endotracheal tube held in place?
Balloon
What is the purpose of a cast when a fracture has occurred?
To keep the bones in position while the fracture heals
Renal diet
limits sodium, phosphorous, potassium, fluids
A gastrostomy tube feeding goes directly
into the patient’s stomach
when selecting a vein for IV therapy, which veins should you consider first?
veins that are distal
How do you know the tourniquet is properly placed for venipuncture?
apply 3-4 inches above the selected sight
What’s the proper angle for IV cannulation?
15 degrees
A central venous catheter is placed
in the antecubital space with the tip extending to the superior vena cava
What is a PICC line
peripherally inserted central catheter
when starting an IV, metacarpal veins are
difficult to stabilize
In Alzheimers Disease, the brain actually
shrinks
Respiration rate <10
bradypnea
12-20 is considered normal
patient will exhibit the signs and symptoms (S&S) of hypoxemia if blood oxygen saturation is <
90
Systolic/Diastolic guidelines for blood pressure
normal: 120/80
prehypertension: 120-139 or 80-89
Systolic/Diastolic guidelines for blood pressure
normal: 120/80
prehypertension: 120-139 or 80-89
hypertension stage 1: 140-159 or 90-99
hypertension stage 2: 160+ or 100+
Mode of transmission, “droplet” is within how many feet
3 feet
HEPA stands for
High Efficiency Particulate Air (for respirators)
NIOSH stands for
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
What will BREAK the chain of infection
proper hand hygiene
In terms of pressure ulcer prevention, don’t elevate the HOB more than how many degrees
30 degrees
R.A.C.E. - in case of a fire, stands for
R - rescue patients
A - alarm
C - contain fire
E - extinguish fire
OSHA stands for
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
ADA diet
As Diet Allows
NCS diet
No Concentrated Sweets diet
what is a fomite
objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture
easy to visualize/palpate/stabilize
cephalic
Vesicant drugs
Vesicants: Drugs that can result in tissue necrosis or formation of blisters when accidentally infused into tissue surrounding a vein
complications of IV therapy
Interstitial infusions
Tissue necrosis
Nerve damage
Phlebitis
Thrombophlebitis, DVT, Embolism
Patients may be put on a ‘vent’
because of
pathological
conditions, respiratory
disorders or diseases of
neurological or neuromuscular
function
Keep tracheostomy patients in what position
Fowlers!
Patient can’t speak, whistle,
blow nose, suck a straw
Laryngectomy
Difference between pneumothorax and hemothorax
pneumo is air in the pleural cavity
hemo is fluid in the pleural cavity
Commonly used drains
include:
– T-Tube
– Jackson-Pratt,
Hemovac
– Penrose
End Stage Renal Failure, ESRF
S&S are due to
the build up of
Urea in the blood
(Uremia)
In hemodialysis, what is a fistula?
Artery and vein joined
together in arm
In hemodialysis, what is a graft?
Soft tube joins an artery
and vein in arm
In hemodialysis, what is a catheter?
Soft tube placed in a
large vein, usually in
neck
In the dialyzer (during hemodialysis), waste products filter from the blood through an artificial membrane into a fluid called the
dialysate
the body’s natural dialyser is the
peritoneal membrane
in peritoneal dialysis, what happens?
Dialysate fluid is infused into the peritoneal cavity so
that it can be in contact with the body’s natural dialyser,
the peritoneal membrane
Peritoneal membrane contains capillaries that diffuse
blood into the dialysate and back to blood stream
In a petite mal seizure, what happens
Momentary
lapses of
muscle tone
– Patient
appears to
stare blankly
In a grand mal seizure, what happens
Bilateral
generalized motor
movement
(convulsions) and
muscular rigidity
May be preceded by
an Aura
Seizure Disorder
people with a spinal cord injury are most susceptible for
autonomic dysreflexia… symptoms include extremely high bp, overfull bladder retention, constipation, severe headache etc
“dysreflexia” just think… things that used to be “reflexive” are NOT!
ec·chy·mo·sis
COMMON WITH A BONE FRACTURE!
(also edema)
Blood or bleeding under the skin due to trauma of any kind; typically black and blue at first, with color changes as healing progresses.
3 components of treating a broken bone
hardware, casting, traction
what is commonly caused by falls but may
be the cause of the fall
fractured hip
assessment of a fractured hip
Leg on affected side is shorter and
externally rotated
– Pain in hip area or knee
– Edema or ecchymosis in the hip, thigh,
groin or lower pelvic area
Treatment for a fractured hip includes O.R.I.F. and T.H.A.
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
(O.R.I.F.)
* Fractured bone is manually
manipulated back into alignment
and held in place with hardware
– Total Hip Arthroplasty (T.H.A.)
* Replacement of patient’s hip joint
with prosthetic hip
With patients with a prosthetic hip, maintain the legs in what position
abducted position, don’t allow the patient to bend at waist either.
Birth one year is what stage
Oral-Sensory (trust)
To learn to trust
1-3 years what stage
Muscular-anal (toddler)
To recognize self as an independent being
3-5 years what stage
Locomotor (initiate stage)
To recognize self as a family member
6-11 years what stage
Latency (industry)
To demonstrate
physical and mental
abilities
12-18 years what stage
Adolescence (Identity)
To develop a sense
of individuality as a
sexual being
Use child’s name, use simple terms,
demonstrate on a doll, allow
independence
Preschooler
Use child’s name, explain in simple
terms, allow child to handle
equipment, allow independence
Toddler
Respiration rate and heart rate significantly decrease as a child develops into an adult. True or False
TRUE
At 3 years, average temperature of infant has been climbing. At 3 years though, it begins to
DECREASE
