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Radiography & Patient Care > Patient Care Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Patient Care Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which modalities do NOT use ionizing radiation?

A

MRI
Sonography

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2
Q

Accreditation Agencies

A

Ensure education programs meet standards

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3
Q

JRCERT

A

Accreditation agency for radiography programs

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4
Q

Certification Bodies

A

Award credentials to individuals who pass their examination

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5
Q

ARRT

A

Certification body for radiography

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6
Q

Professional Societies

A

Voluntary organizations that inform, represent & lead members

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7
Q

ISRRT

A

International Society

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8
Q

ASRT

A

Society for Radiologic Technologists

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9
Q

AAPA

A

Society for Medical Physicists

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10
Q

ACR

A

Society for Radiologists

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11
Q

6 Problem-solving & Critical Thinking Resources

A
  1. Institutional policies
  2. Federal laws
  3. State laws
  4. ARRT Standard of Ethics
  5. ARRT Code of Ethics
  6. ASRT Practice Standards
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12
Q

Steps in Critical Thinking & Problem Solving

A
  1. Identify the problem
  2. Investigate the problem, ojectively
  3. Develop viable solutions
  4. Select the best solution, and
  5. Implement it
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13
Q

Ensure that educational programs meet standards

A

Accreditation Agencies

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14
Q

Accreditation agency for radiography programs

A

JRCERT

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15
Q

Award credentials to individuals who pass their examination

A

Certification Bodies

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16
Q

Certification body for radiography

A

ARRT

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17
Q

Voluntary organizations that inform, represent & lead members

A

Professional Societies

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18
Q

International Society

A

ISRRT

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19
Q

Society for Radiologic Technologists

A

ASRT

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20
Q

Society for Medical Physicists

A

AAPA

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21
Q

Society for Radiologists

A

ACR

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22
Q

Why does hierarchy exist?

A
  1. Organizational view
  2. Decision making
  3. Responsibility
  4. Prioritization
  5. Communication
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23
Q

Organizational View

A

Greater diversity of information exists as you move up the hierarchy

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24
Q

Decision Making

A

Someone needs to decide, especially in emergency

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25
Q

Responsibilty

A

Someone needs to be able to effect change when problems exist

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26
Q

Prioritization

A

Structures are put in place that need to be followed, especially in emergency

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27
Q

Communication

A

Communication needs to flow up to those that make decisions & down to those who implement decisions

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28
Q

Bullying

A

People higher up the hierarchy may force their decisions

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29
Q

Depth of Knowledge

A

People near top of hierarchy have broad scope of knowledge but lack depth of knowledge/ specific details

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30
Q

Expertise

A

Hierarchies are often dependent on skills, abilities, communication style of those at the top

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31
Q

Roadblocks

A

Communication should only flow one step above or below your position in hierarchy

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32
Q

MQSA

A

Mammography Quality Standards Act - regulates mammography services on federal level

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33
Q

Joint Commission

A

Accreditation body for hospitals & clinics

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34
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Regulates workplace federally

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35
Q

Difference between screening & diagnostic tests

A

Screening - people without symptoms
Diagnostic - people with symptoms or asymptomatic w/ positive screening test

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36
Q

6 factors physicians use to determine which imaging modality to use

A

Efficacy
Radiation dose
Patient risk
Patient tolerance
Timeliness
Cost

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37
Q

Minimum of ___ views on all radiographs

A

Two

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38
Q

Imaging choice for pediatric patient

A

Sonography

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39
Q

Patients come to radiology at higher or lower levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A

Lower

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40
Q

Patient interaction - Pediatrics

A

Come DOWN to their level
Speak SOFTLY
Setup equipment BEFORE child enters room

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41
Q

Patient interaction - Adolescents

A

MODESTY is important
Get them INVOLVED
Speak to them like an ADULT

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42
Q

Patient interaction - Geriatrics

A

Assume ALL body functions are decreased
Speak clearly & SLOWLY
Keep them COMFORTABLE
Be PATIENT

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43
Q

Patient interaction - Terminally ill patient

A

Patient AUTONOMY

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44
Q

History taking - 2 types of data

A

Subjective data
Objective data

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45
Q

Subjective data

A

Feelings, attitudes

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46
Q

Objective data

A

Measurable, physiologic

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47
Q

Sacred 7 of Medical Histories

A

Localization
Chronology
Quality
Severity
Onset
Aggravating factors
Associated manifestations

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48
Q

Medical histories - Localization

A

Where does it hurt?

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49
Q

Medical histories - Chronology

A

When did it start?

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50
Q

Medical histories - Quality

A

Can you describe the symptoms?

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51
Q

Medical histories - Severity

A

On a scale of 1-10, how would you describe your pain?

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52
Q

Medical histories - Onset

A

Was there an event that caused this?

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53
Q

Medical histories - Aggravating factors

A

Does it hurt more/less when you stand?

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54
Q

Medical histories - Associated Manifestations

A

Do other symptoms occur at same time?

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55
Q

Center of gravity is at level of ____

A

Second sacral segment

56
Q

Wheelchair transfers should occur w/ wheelchair at ____ degree angle to the ____

A

45 degree
table

57
Q

4 General principles of lifting

A

COMMUNICATION
PATIENT does much of the work
Hold the patient CLOSE
Orthostatic hypotension - patient feels faint after STANDING too quickly

58
Q

4 Steps - Stretcher transfer

A

LOCK the stretcher
Ask the PATIENT what they can do
Use SLIDERBOARD
THREE people needed for non-patient assisted transfer

59
Q

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders - WRMSD - caused by?

A

Single event
Repetition (common in sonography)

60
Q

Goal of immobilization techniques

A

Reduce motion

61
Q

4 General principles of immobilization techniques

A

Communication
Comfort
Demonstration
Efficiency

62
Q

Immobilization technique - Communication

A

Leads to patient cooperation
Less anxiety
Less motion

63
Q

Immobilization technique - Efficiency

A

Quick exam leads to less motion for patients in pain or have difficulty holding position

64
Q

Immobilization technique - Demonstration

A

Showing patient how restraint is used reduces anxiety

65
Q

Immobilization technique - Comfort

A

Warm, comfortable patient is a steady patient

66
Q

Trauma applications

A

Initial images should INCLUDE device
Device can be removed after being CLEARED

67
Q

Restraints - do not?

A

Do not REMOVE restraint w/o authorization
Do not RESTRAIN patient w/o permission

68
Q

Immobilization Ethics

A

False imprisonment - Restraint against your will

69
Q

Average oral body temperature

A

98.6 degrees

70
Q

Hypothermia: oral temperature

A

Below 97.7 degrees

71
Q

Hyperthermia: oral temperature

A

Higher than 99.5 degrees

72
Q

Body temperature - axillary

A

97.6 degrees

73
Q

Body temperature - tympanic

A

97.6 degrees

74
Q

Body temperature - temporal

A

100 degrees

75
Q

Body temperature - rectal

A

99.6 degrees

76
Q

Respiratory rate - adult

A

12 to 20 breaths per minute

77
Q

Respiratory rate - child

A

20 to 30 breaths per minute

78
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing rate

79
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing rate

80
Q

Pulse rate - adult

A

60 to 100 bpm

81
Q

Pulse rate - child

A

70 to 120 bpm

82
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast pulse rate

83
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow pulse rate

84
Q

Pulse oximeter - normal oxygen saturation

85
Q

Blood pressure - normal

A

120/80 systolic/diastolic

86
Q

Hypotension

A

Below normal blood pressure

87
Q

Hypertension

A

Above normal blood pressure

88
Q

Oxygen is considered a drug?

89
Q

Oxygen flowmeter color

90
Q

Endotracheal tubes

A

Radiograph needed for placement: 1-2” above carina

91
Q

Thoracostomy tubes

A

Commonly called CHEST tubes
Drain fluid/air in intrapleural space & mediastinum

92
Q

Central lines

A

Catheter that is inserted into large VEIN

93
Q

Central lines - most common insertion sites

A

Preferred: subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
Femoral veins

94
Q

Infection Control - chain of infection

A

Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

95
Q

Pathogen

A

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasite

96
Q

Reservoir - 5 examples

A

People
Animals
Soil
Food
Water

97
Q

Portal of Exit - 3 examples

A

Coughing/sneezing
Bodily secretions
Feces

98
Q

Mode of Transmission - 3 examples

A

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Vectors

99
Q

Portal of Entry - 4 places

A

Mouth
Nose
Eyes
Cuts in skin

100
Q

Susceptible Host

A

Elderly
Infants
Immunocompromised
ANYONE!

101
Q

Bacteria

A

Microscopic single-celled organisms that resides in host as a colony

102
Q

Bacteria classified by ____

103
Q

Common diseases caused by bacteria

A

Strep throat
Food poisoning

104
Q

Virus

A

Microscopic organism that infect humans/plants/animals
Small piece of DNA or RNA
Can’t reproduce w/o a host
Can’t live long outside a living cell

105
Q

Common diseases caused by viruses

A

Flu
Common cold
COVID-19

106
Q

Fungi

A

Single celled or very complex multicellular organism
Small number of fungi cause disease in animal

107
Q

Fungi cause these human skin diseases

A

Athlete’s foot
Ringworm
Thrush

108
Q

Parasitic Protozoa

A

Neither plant nor animal but larger than bacteria
Classified by their movement
Live on or in other organisms at expense of host

109
Q

Parasitic disease that causes most deaths globally

110
Q

Reservoir

A

Place for pathogen to thrive

111
Q

Portal of exit

A

Any route for pathogen to LEAVE reservoir

112
Q

Direct Contact transmission

A

Person-to-person contact

113
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Pathogen transferred thru air via droplet of body secretion
Relatively large - usually falls from suspension after 3-6 feet of travel

114
Q

Blood-borne transmission

A

Pathogen transmitted directly thru blood

115
Q

Airborne transmission

A

Pathogens smaller than 5 microns remain suspended in air long after person left area

116
Q

Vector transmission

A

Insects transport pathogen

117
Q

Fomite transmission

A

Inanimate objects carry & spread disease

118
Q

Portal of entry

A

Any route that pathogen uses to enter host

119
Q

Susceptible host - factors

A

Age
Health status
Medication usage

120
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Hospital infection
5% of all inpatients contract nosocomial infection

121
Q

Handwashing time

A

40-60 seconds

122
Q

Hand rub time

A

20-30 seconds

123
Q

4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - donning

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask
  3. Goggles
  4. Gloves
124
Q

4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - removal

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Goggles
  3. Gown
  4. Mask
125
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

Eliminate all microorganisms from an area

126
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

Reduce all microorganisms from an area

127
Q

Sterile field

A

Create sterile field as close to time of USE
Anything BELOW table surface/waist is unsterile
Radiology equipment must be covered w/ sterile covering

128
Q

Gown - sterile

A

Gowns - sterile on arms and front above waist
Sterile people must pass each other BACK-TO-BACK

129
Q

4 Common surgical procedures in radiology

A

Chest tube placement
Dressing changes
Tracheostomy
Urinary catherization

130
Q

5 Common non-aseptic technique activities in radiology

A

Nasogastric (NG) tubes
Urinal use
Bedpan use
Enema
Barium enema

131
Q

5 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological needs
Safety needs
Love and belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization

132
Q

Maslow - Physiological needs

A

Air
Food & Water
Shelter & Sleep
Clothing
Reproduction

133
Q

Maslow - Safety needs

A

Health
Personal security
Employment
Resources
Property

134
Q

Maslow - Love and belonging

A

Friendship
Family
Intimacy
Sense of connection

135
Q

Maslow - Esteem

A

Freedom
Strength
Self-esteem
Status
Respect
Recognition

136
Q

Maslow - Self-actualization

A

Desire to become the most that one can be

Radiography & Patient Care (1 decks)

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