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Patient Care > Patient Care Exam 1 > Flashcards

Patient Care Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What radiologic technology uses ionizing radiation?

A

-Radiography
-nuclear medicine
-radiation therapy
-interventional
-mammography
-bone densitometry
-CT

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2
Q

What radiologic technology is non-ionizing?

A

-MRI
-Sonography

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3
Q

What is the purpose of accreditation agencies?

A

Ensure that educational programs meet standards.

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4
Q

JRCERT

A

Joint review committee on education in radiologic technology

Accreditation agency for radiography programs

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5
Q

Certification bodies

A

Award credentials to individuals who pass their exam

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6
Q

ARRT

A

American Registry of radiologic technologist

Certification, body for radiography.

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7
Q

Professional societies

A

Voluntary organizations that inform, represent, and lead members.

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8
Q

Name four professional societies

A

ISRRT - international Society

ASRT - society for radiologist technologist

AAPA - society for medical physicist

ACR - society for radiologist

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9
Q

Name the six problem-solving and critical thinking resources in order of importance

A
  1. Institutional policies.
  2. Federal laws.
  3. State laws.
  4. ARRT standards of ethics.
  5. ARRT code of ethics.
  6. ASRT practice standards.
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10
Q

What are the five steps in critical thinking and problem-solving?

A
  1. Identify the problem.
  2. Investigate the problem objectively
  3. Develop viable solutions.
  4. Select the best solution.
  5. Implement it.
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11
Q

Why does hierarchy exist?

A

Organizational view
Decision-making
Responsibility
Prioritization
Communication

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12
Q

What are the dangers of hierarchy?

A

Bullying
Depth of knowledge
Expertise
Roadblocks

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13
Q

OSHA

A

The occupational safety and health administration regulates the workplace federally

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14
Q

The joint commission

A

The accreditation body for hospitals and clinics

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15
Q

MQSA

A

The Mammography Quality Standards Act regulates, mammography services on a federal level

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16
Q

What is the difference between screening and diagnostic tests?

A

Screening - people without symptoms who may have a higher risk of developing disease

Diagnostic - with symptoms or asymptomatic individuals with a positive screening test.

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17
Q

What are the six things to consider for a physician to determine which imaging modality to use?

A

Efficacy
Radiation dose
Patient risk
Patient tolerance
Timeliness
Cost

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18
Q

What is the imaging of choice for pediatric patients?

A

Sonography

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19
Q

Generally, what is the minimum views performed on all radiographs?

A

Two

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20
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Self actualization
Esteem
Love and belonging
Safety needs
Physiological needs

Patients generally come to the radiology department at lower levels of Maslow’s hierarchy.

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21
Q

Subjective data versus objective data

A

Subjective data - feelings and attitudes

Objective data - measurable and physiologic

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22
Q

Sacred seven of medical histories

A

Localization - where does it hurt?

Chronology - when did it start?

Quality - can you describe the symptoms?

Severity - on a scale of one to 10 how would you describe your pain?

Onset - was there an event that caused this?

Aggravating - does it hurt more or less when you stand?

Associated manifestations - do other symptoms occur at the same time?

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23
Q

Where should the wheelchair be when transferring a patient from wheelchair to table?

A

45° angle to the table

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24
Q

What are the general principles of lifting?

A

Communication

The patient - should do as much work as possible

Hold the patient close

Orthostatic hypotension - the patient feels faint after standing too quickly

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25
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

The patient feels faint after standing too quickly

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26
Q

Stretcher transfer

A

Lock the stretcher

Ask the patient what they can do

Use a slide board if available

Three people are needed for a non-patient assisted transfer

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27
Q

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD)

A

Can happen from a single event or repetition (most common in sonography)

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28
Q

What is the primary goal of immobilization techniques?

A

To reduce motion

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29
Q

What are the four general principles of immobilization techniques?

A

Communication
Efficiency
Demonstration
Comfort

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30
Q

Average oral temperature

A

98.6 Fahrenheit

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31
Q

Hypothermia

A

Oral temperature below 97.7 Fahrenheit

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32
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Oral temperature higher than 99.5°F

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33
Q

Axillary temperature

A

Armpits 97.6°F

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34
Q

What is the most accurate reading for temperature?

A

The rectal. temperature at 99.6°F

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35
Q

Adults average respiratory rate

A

12 to 20 breaths per minute

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36
Q

A child average respiratory rate

A

20 to 30 breaths per minute

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37
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing rate

38
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing rate

39
Q

Average pulse rate for adults

A

60 to 100 bpm

40
Q

Average pulse rate for children

A

70 to 120 bpm

41
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast pulse rate

42
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow pulse rate

43
Q

Pulse oximeter normal oxygen saturation

A

95 to 100%

44
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

Systolic/diastolic
120/80

45
Q

Hypotension

A

Below normal

46
Q

Hypertension

A

Above normal

47
Q

What color is the oxygen flow meter usually

A

Green

48
Q

Oxygen is considered a

A

Drug

49
Q

Endotracheal tubes

A

Radiograph needed for placement one to 2 inches above carina

50
Q

Thoracostomy tubes

A

Commonly called chest tubes. They drain the intrapleural space and mediastinum of fluid or air.

51
Q

Central lines

A

Catheter that is inserted into a large vein.

Preferred subclavian vein

52
Q

Three most common insertion sites for central lines

A

Preferred: subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
Femoral veins

53
Q

Chain of infection

A

Susceptible host - elderly, infants, immunocompromised, anyone

Pathogen - bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite

Reservoir - people, animals, soil, food, water

Portal of exit - coughing/sneezing, bodily secretions, feces

Mode of transmission - direct contact, indirect contact, vectors

Portal of entry - mouth, nose, eyes, cuts and skin

54
Q

Where is your center of gravity level at?

A

Second sacral segment

55
Q

In trauma applications, the initial image should

A

Include device. Device can be removed after being cleared.

56
Q

What are the two “do nots” of restraint?

A

Do not remove the restraint without authorization

Do not restrain a patient without permission

57
Q

False imprisonment

A

Restraint against your will

58
Q

Difference between immobilization and restraints

A

Immobilization - patient can get out

Restraints - patient cannot get out on their own

59
Q

Average body temperature for rectal

A

99.6

60
Q

Average body temperature for temporal

A

100

61
Q

Average body temperature for a tympanic (middle ear)

A

97.6

62
Q

Four types of pathogens

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasitic protozoa

63
Q

Bacteria

A

Microscopic, single, celled organisms, that reside in a host as a group or cluster, called a colony

64
Q

How is bacteria classified?

A

By shape

65
Q

Common diseases caused by bacteria

A

Food poisoning

Strep throat

66
Q

Viruses

A

Microscopic organisms that can infect host like humans, plants, or animals

They are essentially a small piece of genetic information (DNA or RNA)

67
Q

Viruses can’t reproduce without

A

A host

68
Q

Viruses cannot live long

A

Outside of living cell

69
Q

Common diseases caused by viruses

A

The flu, the cold, COVID-19

70
Q

Fungi

A

Single celled, or very complex multicellular organism

Very small number of fungi caused diseases and animals

71
Q

In humans, what kind of skin diseases can fungi cause

A

Athletes foot
Ring worm
Thrush

72
Q

Parasitic protozoa

A

Neither plant nor animal, but larger than bacteria

73
Q

How are parasitic protozoa classified?

A

By the way, they move

74
Q

Where does parasitic protozoa live?

A

They live on or in other organisms at expense of host

75
Q

What is the most common parasitic disease causing the most deaths globally?

A

Malaria

76
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

A place for the pathogen to thrive

77
Q

Portal of exit

A

Any route that the pathogen can leave the reservoir

78
Q

Modes of transmission of pathogens

A

Direct contact

Droplet transmissions - requires a pathogen to be transferred through the air from its reservoir in a droplet of body secretions. Relatively large, and usually will fall from suspension after 3 to 6 feet of travel.

Blood-borne

Airborne

Vector - utilize insects to transport the pathogen

Fomite - refers to inanimate objects that can carry and spread disease

79
Q

Portal of entry

A

Any route that a pathogen uses to enter the body (host)

80
Q

How susceptible a host can be depends on many factors, three of which being

A

Age
Health status
Medication usage

81
Q

What are healthcare associated infections called

A

Nosocomial infections

82
Q

What percentage of inpatient contract a nosocomial infection?

A

5%

83
Q

How long is standard handwashing?

A

40 to 60 seconds

84
Q

How long is a hand rub?

A

20 to 30 seconds

85
Q

Proper donning of personal protective equipment

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask
  3. Goggles
  4. Gloves
86
Q

In what order do you remove personal protective equipment?

A

Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask

87
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

Aim to ELIMINATE all microorganisms from an area during surgical procedure

88
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Aims to REDUCE all microorganisms from an area during an after any medical procedure

89
Q

Sterile field

A

Create sterile field as close to the time of use as possible

Radiology equipment must be covered with a STERILE covering (often by the surgical team)

Anything below the surface of the table or below the waist is considered unsterile

90
Q

How should sterile people pass each other

A

Back to back

91
Q

Common surgical procedures in radiology

A

Dressing changes

Tracheostomy

Chest tube placement

Urinary catheterization

92
Q

Common non-septic technique activities in radiology

A

Nasogastric tubes

Urinal use

Bed pan use

Enema

Barium enema

Patient Care (3 decks)

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