Patient Care Concepts Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the body structure.
Active transport
Process in cells that requires energy to transport materials to, from, and with in the cell
Atom
Smallest particle of an element that can exist on its own; consists of at least 1 proton, 1 neutron, & at least 1 electron
Cell
Most basic unit of life often considered the building block of the human body
Cell membrane
The outer covering of the cell
Chromosome
Microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics
Cilia
Small hair like projections that cover the surface of some cells; in the nose theory they trap dust to prevent it and other foreign substances from entering the nasal cavity
Congenital
Present at birth
Cytokinesis
Division of the nuclei of the cell and distribution of organelles into two daughter cells
Cytoplasm
Jellylike substance found between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
Provides the cell’s blueprint or genetic makeup
Diffusion
Moving dissolved particles from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
Electrolyte
An ion that is electrically charged and moves to either a negative (cathode) or positive (anode) electrode
Filtration
Use of mechanical pressure to diffuse dissolved particles through membranes
Flagella
Tail-like structures that enable a cell to move through a medium
Gametes
Cell developed through the process of meiosis that contains 1/2 the chromosomes of its original parent cell
Genetica
Study of the makeup of animals orplants
Hereditary
Transmission of genetic makeup from parent to children
Homeostasis
Results of an organisms systems working together to maintain balance or equilibrium by adjusting for constant changes
Meiosis
Process by which cells reduce their chromosomal number by half in order to form gametes
Mitosis
Process during which a cell divides its chromosomes into 2 identical daughter cells each having 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)
Molecule
Chemical combination of two or more atoms that forms a specific chemical compound
Negative feedback
When the body responds to external stimuli by reversing the direction of change
Neurons
Nerve cells
Nucleus
Control center and part of the cell containing the chromosomes
Organelles
Ssmall structures found within the cytoplasm of the cell that have specific functions and purpose to maintain the vitality of the cell
Organs
Similarly functioning groups of tissues that serve a common purpose
Osmosis
Form of diffusion whereby water is pulled through a semipermeable membrane, moving from areas of greater to lesser concentration
Passive transplant
Process in cells that does not require energy to transport materials to, from, and within the cell
Pathophysiology
Study of diseases or disorders caused by a malfunction or age, genetic predisposition or environmental influences
Physiology
Functions and processes of the body, study of the function of an organism
Positive feedback
Process of encouraging external or internal stimuli to continue, or even accelerate, in order to maintain homeostasis
RNA - ribonucleic acid
Single chain of chemical bases
Striated
Having a striped appearance
Systems
Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function (ch 21) ; also a regularly interacting group of people who function with an organized set of doctrines and principles (ch 58)
Tissues
Grouping of cells that performs a specialized function.
