Patient care Flashcards by kara baker

Please be very pre cautious, wash hands thoroughly and don PPE before entering my room. My tissues are very sensitive to the touch and to infection

Burn victim

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I am nauseous and thirsty, have extreme abdominal pain. I Gould be NPO. I may go into shock at any time. Take X-rays quickly w/o a lot o movent

Acute abdominal distress

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I am sweaty, clammy, irritable, intensely hungry, and confused. I need a glass of Oj, glucose tablets, or a candy bar

Hypoglycemic

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My heart cannot supply enough blood o all of my body parts. Maybe due to trauma, drugs, severe allergy or injury, inadequate oxygen. My eyes are dull and dilated. My face is pale and my skin is cold and clammy. All vitals have dropped except for my heart rate. I may collapse or vomit. Keep me laying down with feed elevated and a warm blanket. NPO

Shock

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Could be caused by a lot of things such as high fever, drug reaction, extreme stress. I may stare of into space or flail uncontrollably. Please protect me from injury

Seizure

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I am constantly going to urinate. My skin is dry and I am thirsty all the time. I can’t seem to get enough air and my breath smells fruity. I am very susceptible to infection

Ketoacidosis / hypergylcemia

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I’ve been jabbed by a knife in my forearm. My bandage is bright res and I feel faint. Please apply pressure with a sterile gauze for 10 or pressure to the brachial artery

Hemorrhage

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Just had a hip replacement surgery. My mid chest is hurting and my pulse is rapid but weak. I feel I may faint

Blood clot/ deep vein thrombosis/ pulmonary embolus

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I am wheezing very badly. Could be caused by anxiety or stress. I need a RT to sit me up and help me calm my breathing. My medication is in my coat pocket

Asthma

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All of a sudden I have a severe headache. My right side has become weak and my right eye deviates to the right

Stroke / CVA (cerebra vascular accident)

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I had abdominal surgery 2 days ago. I stood up for my crazy and experiences intense pain at my incision. My gown is all bloody and my intestines are spilling out

Dehiscence

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I am unconscious without a pulse or respiration. I had severe chest pain that radiated down my left arm

Cardiac arrest

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I have no pain but I cannot feel my ties or feet. There is a numbing feeling to my lower extremities. I’ve had an injury to what body part

Lower lumbar injury

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Trouble breathing and neck veins are descended. My lips are turning blue and my hands are around my neck

Choking

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My shoulders an arms are numb. I cannot feel my fingers or raise my arms. I have no hand grip. I can lift my head and my legs

Cervical vertebrae injury

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What is the rate of infusion rule for an IV

10-20 drops/min

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What must be the hight of the IV

18-24 in

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What is an IVAC system and what does is monitor

Monitors flow

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What are the common drugs PT will take before entering the rad dept

Insulin, nitroglycerin , Lasix, an glucagon

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What two drugs do RTs help administer

Contrast media and sodium bicarbonate (also glucagon)

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What are the common drugs RTs encounter in ER situations

Benadryl, adrenalin, atropine, inderal, and levophed

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Methods of administering drugs (parenterally and other forms)

Oral, sublingual, topical, buccal, rectal, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection , intravenous injection, drip infusion

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What are the 7 different drug forms

Tablet, capsule, inhalant, suppository, solution, suspension, transdermal patch

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What things can influence the effect a drug can have on an individual

Age, sex, time of day, weight

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What are the properties of good contrast media

``` Non toxic Must interact with x rays (most important) Must easily be eliminated from body Must form a stable compound Viscosity Osmolarity (concentration) Ionic strength Ability to mix with blood (miscibility) ```

Properties of Barium Sulfate

``` 3 forms; powder, liquid, paste Help in disease assessment Administer orally and rectally Non soluble in water Should not be use on pt with bowel obstruction or perforated viscous ```

Properties of iodinated contrast

Introduced in body orally or IV Help in disease assessment Readily absorbed and excreted by the kidneys 3 types aqueous, iodine a, iodized oils, and non aqueous iodine a

Dislocation

Displacement of the bone from the joint or place of motion Signs and symptoms Loss of movement pain deformity and swelling

Sprain

``` Stretching or tearing of ligaments at the joint Signs and symptoms Pain on movement Swelling Discoloration ```

Strain

``` Over stretch of a muscle or tendon Signs and symptoms Intense pain (burning sensation ) Moderate swelling Difficult or painful movement Discoloration ```

Fractures

``` Signs and symptoms Deformity Pop sound Pain or tenderness Ends rubbing Swelling and discoloration Loss of use Exposed bone ends ```

How do you care for a pt with a fracture

Immobilization | Keep injured bone ends and adjacent joints quiet

Signs an symptoms of skull/brain injury

Skull deformity Blood or clear water like fluid in ears and nose Discoloration of soft tissue under eyes Unequal pupils

Compression/ventilation ratio for adult CPR

30:2 (1 1/2 - 2 in deep)

Collies fx

Fracture of the distal end of the radius w/ posterior dislocation

Blow out fx

Occurring at the floor of the orbit cause by a blow to the eye

Comminuted fx

Bone is splintered into several pieces

Compound fx

Bone protruding out of skin

Potts fx

Fracture of the lower part o the fibula with dislocation of the ankle joint

Rem and Sv

Dose equivalent

Rad and gray

Absorbed dose

Roentgen and c/k

Exposure in air

Curie and becquerl

Activity

When an RT reviews the exam request in relation to a students achievements, evaluates the patient condition in relation to the students knowledge, is present during the exam and reviews And approves the procedure and the images is acting in which of the following roles of supervision

Direct supervision

Symptoms of a spinal injury

Tingling and numbness Inability to move toes or fingers Pain on movement or no pain

Where should the heel of your hand be placed when doing chest compressions during CPR on an adult

One finger width above where the ribs and sternum meet

Obstructed airway technique

Used on choking victim to remove the obstruction from trachea Reach around with one fist thumb side in above umbilical and below xiphoid process and with other hand over the first hand give quick and upward thrusts For an unconscious victim the rescuer properly places hands and gives CPR chest thrust to increase intrathorAsic pressure

Cardinal principles of radiation protection

Use the maximum shielding w/o obscuring anatomy of interest Use the shortest exposure time possible ****not true***** Use the shortest distance possible from the primary beam

Order of exams that are to be performed on the same patient in the same day

Hand (w/o contrast) Urography IVU (nuclear medicine/ Iodine) Colon exam (barium sulfate) UGI (oil based)

5 rights of drug administration

``` Right drug Right patient Right time Right dose Right route ```

What can be given to about who is highly allergic and is to receive a water soluble iodinated contrast media

Steroids and antihistime

Positive contrast agents are

White on radiograph and are radiopaque

What gland regulates body metabolism

Thyroid

Generally accepted customs, principals, or habits of right living and conduct in a society and an individual's practice in relation to the these are....

Morals

Chain of command for an RT

RT, supervisor, assistant manager, administrative director of radiography, chief radiologist, medical director

The elements that the patient must prove in order to show proof of negligence are

A duty to the patient by the health care practitioners (standard of care) Breech of duty by an act or by failing to preform some act An injury A relationship between injury and breech of duty

Special protection should be taken to prevent excessive exposure to

Ionizing radiation

The best ways to reduce stress are by

Controlling time Thinking positively Buffering stressors

When managing time practice self management which includes

Prioritizing Setting limits Providing for self care

The difference between right and wrong in regards to human conduct and character as known by natural reason

Ethics

T/F an RT X-rays a pts right hand when the request form asks for an X-ray of the right wrist. This is an example of breech of duty

True

T/F Hospitals and health care institutions in the United States are accredited by the American medical association

False

Ethnocentrism

Perception that ones own way is superior when viewing the world

Radiology and ___________ both mean the study of X-rays

Roentgenology

Maslows hierarchy of basic needs

``` Self actualization Aesthetics Need to know and Understanding Belonging ness and love Saftey Physiological ```

Fomite

Any object that can possibly transmit or carry diseases

Most common types of nasogastric tubes is

Levin

The 15% rule helps explain the effect of ___________ on exposure

KVP

Adult avg pulse rate

60-100

The hemovac Jackson Pratt, and the penrose are all examples of

Tissue drainage tubes

Urine should flow in a male patient when the catheter has been inserted approx

8 in

Types of central venous or intravenous catheters

Broviac, Hickman, and groshong (tunneled catheters) PICC line implanted access ports (port-a-cath, infusa port, and mediport) Swan-ganz catheter