Patient Care Flashcards
What is the normal adult temperature?
98.6 F
Normal adult pulse rate?
60-100 bpm
Normal way to read blood pressue?
systolic/diastolic
what does systolic blood pressure measure?
measurement of the pumping action of heart
What does diastolic blood pressure measure?
measurement of the heart at rest
Normal systolic measurement?
100-120
normal diastolic measurement
60-80
normal respiratory rate
12-20 breaths per min
normal oxygen saturation
90-100%
What is an infectious agent
pathogen
what is a reservoir in infection control
environment of growth
mode of transportation types?
direct and indirect
what is a formite?
an indirect mode of transportation (object)
what is a vector
indirect mode of transportation (organism)
the transportation of an infection through blood/water/food is called
a vehicle
Shock: loss of large amount of blood
hypovelimic
Shock: toxins caused by massive infection results in a dramatic decrease in blood pressure
septic
shock: causes blood to pool in peripheral vessels
neurogenic
shock: result of cardiac failure
cardiogenic
shock: allergic reaction results in low blood pressure
anaphylaxis
abnormal systolic measurement indicating shock
90 or less
abnormal diastolic measurement indicating shock
50 or less
Testing for blood clotting specifically lumbar puncture procedures?
PT, PTT, INR, PLATELET COUNT
acceptable PT measurement
11 - 13.5 s
acceptable PTT measurement
25 - 35 s
acceptable INR
0.8 -1.2
acceptable platelet count
150k-400k
Tests for kidney function
GFR, CREATININE, BUN
normal GFR
90-120
normal creatinine
0.7 - 1.5
normal BUN
7-21
what is a violation of civil law aka personal injury law?
Torts
define assault
misconduct of radiographer that causes fear in patient
define battery
unlawful touching or touching without consent
Harm resulting from physical contact with radiographer is considered
battery
imaging the wrong patient, wrong body part, and/or imaging without consent is considered?
battery
define false imprisonment
unjustified restraint of person
define libel
written information that results in the defamation of character or loss of reputation
orally spreading false information that results in defamation of character or reputation is what?
slander
the manipulation of electronic data that is ethically wrong
fraud
neglect or omission of reasonable care
negligence
acts that show reckless disregard for a life or limb
gross negligence
instance in which the injured person is a contributing party to the injury
contributory negligence
what are the four conditions needed to establish malpractice?
- establishment of standard of care
- demonstration that standard of care was violated by the radiographer
- demonstration that loss or injury was caused by the radiographer that is being sued
- demonstration that loss or injury actually occurred and is a result of the negligence
What legal doctrine stating the employer is held liable for an employees negligence “let the master answer”
RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR
define res ipsa loquitur
“the thing speaks for itself”
*legal doctrine stating that the cause of the negligence is obvious
What must be included on a radiographic image?
- patient identification
- anatomic markings (L or R)
- date of exposure
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What is an advance directive?
patient provides directives regarding medical care before becoming incapacitated
Durable Power of Attorney
patient designates another person to make decisions regarding medical care if the patient is unable to communicate
ARRT stands for what?
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
A pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute is termed?
tachycardia
A pulse rate of less than 60 beats per minute is termed?
bradycardia
What is the number one cause of health care acquired infections?
urinary tract infections by catheters
2 examples of positive contrast agents?
iodine (53)
barium (56)
What is an ionic contrast agent?
composed of positively and negatively charged ions
what is a nonionic contrast agent?
Do not separate into positive and negatives (fewer side effects)
What is the process of removing as many but not all infectious organisms as possible?
disinfection
Does restraining or immobilization utilize devices?
Both can utilize devices
term for use of physical force to keep a patient still without consent
Restrain
Term for keeping a patient still with consent
immobilization
Major categories of microorganisms
viruses, fungi, protozoa, bacteria
OSHA’s blood-borne pathogen regulations apply to what fluid types?
blood, saliva, wound drainage, cerebrospinal fluid, semen and vaginal fluid.
Define diaphoresis
profuse or heavy sweating often accompanied by pallor, cold and clammy
Nitroglycerine is a medication most commonly given to?
Patients experiencing angina pectoris (chest pain)
A severely burned patient may experience what two types of shock?
disruptive and hypovolemic
What is a vasodilator?
is a type of medication that works to relax the smooth muscles of arteries and veins. (best used for angina pectoris)
Define Orthostatic hypotension?
medical condition where a person’s blood pressure falls when standing or sitting
At what point can cerebral hypoxia cause irreversible brain damage and tissue death?
4-6 minutes
What is hypotension?
low blood pressure
what is hypertension?
high blood pressure
What is epistaxis
nosebleeds
Define Dyspnea
difficulty breathing
define urticaria
hives
define erythema
reddening of the skin
Medical term for itchy
pruritus
An injection of medication under the skin and dermis is what?
Subcutaneous
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
What structure regulates a persons core body temp?
hypothalamus
What is MSDS?
Material safety data sheets: provide direction for handling precautions, safe use of product, clean up and disposal of hazardous materials
what is aqueous iodine compound?
water-soluble sterile contrast agent
iodinated ionic contrast agents
salts or organic iodine compounds, composed of positively and negatively charged ions
medical asepsis
microorganisms have been eliminated as much as possible
What does a sphygmomanometer do?
measures blood pressure
