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Intro to Rad Treatment > patient care > Flashcards

patient care Flashcards

1
Q

who is responsible for assessing patients on a daily basis

A

radiation oncology nurses and radiation therapistss

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2
Q

standards for patient care

A
  1. assessment
  2. diagnosis
  3. outcome identification
  4. planning
  5. implementation
  6. evaluation
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3
Q

define evidence based practice (EBP)

A

solving clinical problems and delivering care based on the best current evidence, applied with clinical expertise and an appreciation of patient’s values and expectations

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4
Q

strongest evidence that can be used for EBP is

A

meta-analysis of multiple controlled clinical studies

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5
Q

the most radioactive cells are

A

rapidly dividing cells

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6
Q

how rapid do acute responding tissues demonstrate the effects of radiation

A

within hours to days

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7
Q

how rapidly to sub-acute responding tissues demonstrate the effects of radiation

A

within weeks to months

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8
Q

how rapidly do late responding tissues demonstrate the effects of radiation

A

within months to years

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9
Q

what factors influence cells radiation sensitivity

A
  1. cell cycle phase
  2. presence of oxygen enhances radiation damage
  3. differentiation- poorly differentiated cells are more sensitive
  4. proliferative capacity
  5. repair capacity- greater repair, more sensitive
  6. tumor size- larger tumor- poorly oxygenated center-less sensitive
  7. fractionation
  8. quality of radiation
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10
Q

which cell cycle phase is the most sensitive to radiation

A

late G2 and M

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11
Q

cell cycle that is the least sensitive to radiation

A

S phase

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12
Q

most common complications of radiation therapy

A 
fatigue
skin reactions
pain
distress
sexual dysfunction
weight loss (nutrition wise)
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13
Q

at what dose does a patient experience temporary hair loss

A

30 Gy

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14
Q

at what dose does a patient experience permanent hair loss

A

55 Gy

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15
Q

at what dose does a patient experience basal cell loss

A

20-25 Gy (2-3 weeks)

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16
Q

what causes skin erythmea

A

histamine is released from cells damaged by radiation

can occur within a couple of weeks

17
Q

at what dose can it cause skin erythema

A

30-40 Gy

18
Q

flaking of skin, superficial, sweat and sebaceous glands are damaged

A

dry desquamation

19
Q

blistering and sloughing, damage to hair follicles and sweat glands, necrosis can occur

A

moist desquamation

20
Q

at what dose can desquamation occur

A

45-60 Gy

21
Q

risk factors for skin reaction

A
  1. electrons (superficial dose deposition)
  2. bolus
  3. skin folds
  4. lack of aeration (air)
  5. wound sites
  6. tangential fields- higher dose, thinner areas
  7. POP
  8. skin thickness
  9. previous exposure to radiation
  10. number of oxygenated cells
  11. general skin conditions
  12. moist areas of body cause friction
  13. nutritional status
  14. chemo
  15. medical conditions: lupus, scleroderma
22
Q

what is necrosis

A

tissue death

23
Q

at what dose can necrosis occur

A

> 55 Gy

24
Q

when can necrosis occur

A

within 6 months to 2 years post treatment

25
Q

necrosis is revirsible

A

false

26
Q

common side effects of head and neck irradiation

A

loss of taste
dysphagia
xerostomia

27
Q

what is dysphagia

A

difficult swallowing

28
Q

what is xerostomia

A

dry mouth

29
Q

at what dose does patient have loss of taste

A

30 Gy for temporary, 60 Gy for permanent

30
Q

when does dysphagia occur

A

2-3 weeks post treatment

31
Q

dose tolerance for small bowel

A

45 Gy

32
Q

what happens when you exceed dose tolerance for small bowel

A
  1. malabsorption
  2. diarrhea
  3. dehydration
33
Q

why does CNS treatment cause nausea

A

brain’s receptors are affected by radiation and may cause the patient to feel nauseated, vomiting can occur

34
Q

what side effect is heachade

A

CNS

35
Q

side effects to CNS

A 
headache
nausea
vomiting
changes in mental status
weakness
seizures
speech problems
36
Q

oxygenation and repair capacity refer to

A

factors influencing cell’s radiation sensitivity

37
Q

a patient is beginning gynecological radiation therapy with extensive treatment of abdominal nodes. which of the following side effects might she experience

  1. pericarditis
  2. nausea
  3. xerostomia
  4. dysphagia
A

nausea

38
Q

a patient undergoing treatment for endometrial cancer complains of diarrhea and dehydration. she also gradually lost weight. what can you surmise about her treatment and/or diet

A

her small bowel may have exceeded 45 Gy

39
Q

this fractionation scheme is intended to decrease late effects

A

hyperfractionation

Intro to Rad Treatment (3 decks)

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