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CT review > Patient assessment and preparation > Flashcards

Patient assessment and preparation Flashcards

1
Q

What is implied consent?

A

When a patient is in need of immediate medical services and the patient is unconscious and/or physically unable to consent treatment

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2
Q

Describe the level of consciousness:

Lethargic

A

Patient appears drowsy but can be aroused

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3
Q

Describe the level of consciousness:

Obtunded

A

Patient is in a depressed level of consciousness and may not be easily aroused from a state of confusion

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4
Q

Describe the level of consciousness:

Stupor

A

Patient is near unresponsiveness (semicomatose)

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5
Q

Describe the level of consciousness:

Coma

A

Completely unresponsive to stimuli

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6
Q

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Temperature

A

97.7 - 99.5 F

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7
Q

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Pulse (Adults & kids)

A

Adults 60 - 100 beats per minute

Kids 70 - 120 beats per minute

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8
Q

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Blood pressure

A

Systolic should be < 120 mmHg

Diastolic should be < 80 mmHg

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9
Q

Describe the normal range for the following vital sign:

Respiration (Adults and Kids)

A

Adults 12 - 20 breaths per minute

Kids 20 - 30 breaths per minute

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10
Q

Systolic pressure is when the heart _________.

a. Contracts
b. Relaxes

A

a. Contraction

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11
Q

Diastolic pressure is when the heart _________.

a. Contracts
b. Relaxes

A

b. Relaxes

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12
Q

Which device measures the pulse/respiration rate?

a. EKG
b. Pulse oximeter
c. Blood pressure cuff

A

b. Pulse oximeter

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13
Q

What is the definition of the cardiac cycle?

A

Series of blood flow - related events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next

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14
Q

What determines the patients heart rate?

A

Frequency of the cardiac cycle

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15
Q

What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

Graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart. It is used particularly during cardiac CT procedures to evaluate the heart rhythm and cycle.

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16
Q

The cardiac cycle can be divided into 3 stages:

a. Atrial systole
b. Ventricular systole
c. complete cardiac diastole

Describe each one

A

a. the contraction of the left and right atria; P WAVE
b. the contraction of the left and right ventricles; QRS
c. Period of relaxation of the heart; consists of ventricular and atrial diastole; T WAVE

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17
Q

patients with slower heart rates = longer diastolic phases = higher quality cardiac CT exams
What can we give to a patient to calm the heart rate down?

A

B-blockers; 65 bpm is the preferred rate

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18
Q

What pharmaceutical can you give the patient to dilate the coronary vessels to improve their visualization on the CT images?

A

Sublingual nitroglycerine

19
Q

Define Hypoxemia

A

Condition whereby the patient suffers from a low concentration of oxygen in the blood.

20
Q

Define Hypoxia

A

Insufficient oxygenation of tissue at the cellular level

21
Q

Define ataxia

A

Loss f muscular coordination

22
Q

Define pulmonary hypertension

A

Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary vasculature

23
Q

Define an oxygen flow meter

A

valve used to control the rate of oxygen gas delivery in LPM (Liters per minute); can be mounted on the wall or attached to a portable cylinder

24
Q

What is a nasal cannula?

A

2 pronged tube inserted into the nose for delivery of oxygen; used to deliver 1-5 LPM of oxygen

25
Q

What is the flow rate for a simple oxygen mask?

A

6 LPM

26
Q

What is a thoracostomy tube?

What is it used for?

A

Another name for chest tube; place to drain fluid from the intrapleural space (pleural effusion, hemothorax, pneumothorax)

27
Q

What is the difference between a foley catheter and a straight type catheter?

A 
Foley catheter (in-dwelling) includes a balloon that is inflated after insertion to keep in place 
Straight-type is used for temporary drainage purposes
28
Q

What is the normal BUN level?

Blood urea nitrogen

A

7-25 mg/dL

29
Q

What is the normal range for creatinine

A

0.5 - 1.5 mg/dL

30
Q

What is the normal range for GFR?

Glomerular filtration rate

A

Greater than 90-120 indicates normal kidney function

31
Q

Which lab value is a more accurate measurement of renal function

A

GFR

32
Q

Define Prothrombin time (PT) and what the normal range is.

A

Measure of blood coagulation

Normal range is 12-15 seconds

33
Q

What is the normal range for INR?

A

0.8 - 1.2

34
Q

Define Partial Thromboplastin time (PTT) and the normal range

A

Lab value that detects abnormalities in blood clotting; normal range for clotting time is 25-35 seconds

35
Q

What is the normal range for platelets?

A

140,000 - 440,000 per mm of blood

36
Q

What is D-dimer testing used for?

A

this test is used for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

37
Q

What scan will result if the D-dimer is elevated?

A

CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries

38
Q

What is medication reconciliation?

A

process of reviewing the patients medication record at all points of care, including admission, transfer of service and discharge

39
Q

What is another name fore coumadin and what is it used for?

A

Generic drug name is warfarin, which is an anticoagulant; this drug is used to prevent the formation of blood clots in veins and arteries and may reduce the incidence of heart attack an stroke

40
Q

What is another name for metformin and what is it used for?

A

Glucophage; this drug is used to treat type 2 diabetes

41
Q

How long should a patient withheld metformin after receiving contrast

A

up to 2 days after

42
Q

What drug can be given for anxiety?

Give a few examples.

A 
Anxiolytic
Benzodiazepines are a class of anxiolytic
-valium
-Xanax
-Klonopin
-Ativan
43
Q

Define osmolality

A

Describes the agents propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel to move into the bloodstream

CT review (1 decks)

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