Patient Assessment Flashcards
A low oxygen saturation is a good indicator of what?
Hypoxemia.
What are complications with pulse oximeters?
Low perfusion, incorrectly fitted probe, the vascular bed is not pulsating dark fingernails, or the light is unable to pass through.
What is the blood pressure for someone with hypotension?
Less than 90/60
What is the breathing rate of someone who is apneustic?
Long gasping inspirations with insufficient expiration.
Identify the following breathing pattern: Fast and deep breaths with periods of apnea and no set rhythm.
Biot’s breathing.
What is hypertension?
A blood pressure greater than 140/90.
Crackles
Lung sounds that are caused by air moving through secretions of the small or middle airways.
Wheezes
Lung sounds that are caused by air moving through a narrowed or constricted airway.
Rhonchi
A lung sound that is caused by air moving through secretions in the larger airways.
Stridor
A lung sound that occurs when an upper airway obstruction is present.
Diminished
Present when there is decreased air movement in the lungs.
Pleural Friction Rub
A lung sound that is heard when inflamed pleura rub together due to decreased levels of fluid in the pleural space.
What are fine crackles?
They are high-pitched, discrete, discontinuous crackling sounds heard during the end of respiration. They are not typically cleared by a cough.
What are medium crackles?
They are lower, moist sounds that are heard during the mid-stage of inspiration. They are not typically cleared by a cough.
What are coarse crackles?
They are loud, bubbly noises heard during inspiration. They are not typically cleared by a cough
an abnormal respiratory pattern in which air gets trapped in the lungs, and it becomes difficult to exhale.
can result in hyperinflation of the lungs, which often leads to respiratory distress
often seen in obstructive lung diseases, such as:
Asthma
COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
Air trapping
is characterized by prolonged expiration due to narrowed airways and increased airway resistance.
The most common causes
Asthma
COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Obstructive Breathing
is a type of respiratory depression characterized by a decrease in the rate and depth of breathing. This results in an increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which results in respiratory acidosis.
Some of the most common causes include:
Stroke
Brainstem injury
Drug overdose
Hypocapnia
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Neuromuscular diseases
Chest wall deformities
Obstructive sleep apnea
Hypoventilation
