Pathways Flashcards
In Glycogensis, glycogen is created from alpha-d-glucose.
True/False
True
Glycogensis occurs in the Mitochondria.
True/False
False…it occurs in the CYTOSOL
Glycogen is created to store glucose in a rapidly mobilizable form.
True/False
True
Most cells perform glycogenesis, but glycogen is mainly stored in:
1) Heart cells
2) Liver cells
3) Skeletal muscle cells
4) Kidney cells
5) All of the above
6) 2 and 3
7) 2 and 4
6) 2 and 3 … liver and skeletal muscles
Liver stores of glycogen DECREASE in a well-fed state.
True of False
FALSE, they increase
Muscle glycogen is affected by short periods of fasting.
True/False
FALSE, it remains stable
Muscle glycogen is depleted after strenuous excercise.
True/False
True
The alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkages are made by which enzyme:
1) glycogen phosphorylase
2) glycogen synthase
3) glucose phosphorylase
4) glucose (1->4) sythase
2) glycogen synthase
Which pathway degrades glycogen?
1) glycolysis
2) glycogenolysis
3) glucoeneogenesis
2) glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis occurs in the cytosol.
True/False
True
The same enzymes are used for glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
True/False
FALSE
Glycogenolysis.
What is the primary product of breaking the alpha(1->4) bonds?
1) free glucose
2) glucose-1-phosphate
3) glucose-6-phosphate
2) glucose 1-phosphate
Glycogenolysis
What is the primary product of breaking the alpha(1->6) bonds?
1) free glucose
2) glucose-1-phosphate
3) glucose-6-phosphate
1) free glucose
Glycogenolysis.
Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves the alpha(1->4) bonds at the non-reducing end of the chain and requires which coenzyme?
1) B6
2) NADH
3) NADPH
1)B6
Glycogenolysis.
Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate in the cytosol.
True/False
True
Glycogenolysis.
In the LIVER, G6P is converted in the ER of the cell into glucose by which enzyme prior to release into the blood?
1) Glycogen phosphorylase
2) glycogen phosphatase
3) glucose-1-phosphatase
4) glucose-6-phosphatase
4) glucose -6-phosphatase
Glycogenolysis.
Glucose-6-phosphate in the muscle cell is dephosphorylated into glucose, just like in the liver.
True/False
FALSE. No G6-phosphatase in the muscle cell. the G6p goes right into glycolysis
Glycogenolysis.
Muscle cell glucose-6-phosphate enters into glycolysis to produce energy.
True/False
True
Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase are hormonally regulated to respond to the energy needs of the cell, so glycogenesis/glycogenolysis remain in a constant cycle.
True/False
TRUE
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.
True/False
FALSE, in the cytosol
Glycolysis.
The end product of aerobic glycolysis is LACTATE.
True/False
FALSE…it’s pyruvate
Glycolysis.
Lactate is the end product of…..
1) Anaerobic glycolysis
2) Aerobic glycolysis
1) anaerobic
In aerobic glycolysis, _________ is formed and later converted to ________ for entry into the TCA cycle.
1) lactate, pyruvate
2) pyruvate, lactate
3) lactate, Acetyl CoA
4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA
4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA
Hexosmonophosphate Shunt (HMP)/Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) occur in the CYTOSOL.
True.False
TRUE
PPP creates 2 _______ for every glucose-6-p that enters in the oxidative phase,
1) NADH
2) NAD+
3) NADPH
4) NADP+
3) NADPH
The non-oxidative PPP phase creates ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.
True False
TRUE
Gluconeogenesis precursors:
1) Lactate
2) Pyruvate
3) glycerol
4) all of the above
4) all of the above
Gluconeogensis requires both cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes.
True False
True
90% of gluconeogenesis occurse in the____, while 10$ occurs in the ______.
1) Heart, liver
2) Liver, kidney
3) kidney, liver
4) liver, brain
2) liver, kidney
