Pathways

Question 1

In Glycogensis, glycogen is created from alpha-d-glucose.

True/False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Glycogensis occurs in the Mitochondria.

True/False

Answer 2

False…it occurs in the CYTOSOL

Question 3

Glycogen is created to store glucose in a rapidly mobilizable form.

True/False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Most cells perform glycogenesis, but glycogen is mainly stored in:

1) Heart cells
2) Liver cells
3) Skeletal muscle cells
4) Kidney cells
5) All of the above
6) 2 and 3
7) 2 and 4

Answer 4

6) 2 and 3 … liver and skeletal muscles

Question 5

Liver stores of glycogen DECREASE in a well-fed state.

True of False

Answer 5

FALSE, they increase

Question 6

Muscle glycogen is affected by short periods of fasting.

True/False

Answer 6

FALSE, it remains stable

Question 7

Muscle glycogen is depleted after strenuous excercise.

True/False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkages are made by which enzyme:

1) glycogen phosphorylase
2) glycogen synthase
3) glucose phosphorylase
4) glucose (1->4) sythase

Answer 8

2) glycogen synthase

Question 9

Which pathway degrades glycogen?

1) glycolysis
2) glycogenolysis
3) glucoeneogenesis

Answer 9

2) glycogenolysis

Question 10

Glycogenolysis occurs in the cytosol.

True/False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The same enzymes are used for glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

True/False

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

Glycogenolysis.
What is the primary product of breaking the alpha(1->4) bonds?

1) free glucose
2) glucose-1-phosphate
3) glucose-6-phosphate

Answer 12

2) glucose 1-phosphate

Question 13

Glycogenolysis
What is the primary product of breaking the alpha(1->6) bonds?

1) free glucose
2) glucose-1-phosphate
3) glucose-6-phosphate

Answer 13

1) free glucose

Question 14

Glycogenolysis.
Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves the alpha(1->4) bonds at the non-reducing end of the chain and requires which coenzyme?

1) B6
2) NADH
3) NADPH

Answer 14

1)B6

Question 15

Glycogenolysis.
Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate in the cytosol.

True/False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Glycogenolysis.
In the LIVER, G6P is converted in the ER of the cell into glucose by which enzyme prior to release into the blood?

1) Glycogen phosphorylase
2) glycogen phosphatase
3) glucose-1-phosphatase
4) glucose-6-phosphatase

Answer 16

4) glucose -6-phosphatase

Question 17

Glycogenolysis.
Glucose-6-phosphate in the muscle cell is dephosphorylated into glucose, just like in the liver.

True/False

Answer 17

FALSE. No G6-phosphatase in the muscle cell. the G6p goes right into glycolysis

Question 18

Glycogenolysis.
Muscle cell glucose-6-phosphate enters into glycolysis to produce energy.

True/False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase are hormonally regulated to respond to the energy needs of the cell, so glycogenesis/glycogenolysis remain in a constant cycle.

True/False

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.

True/False

Answer 20

FALSE, in the cytosol

Question 21

Glycolysis.
The end product of aerobic glycolysis is LACTATE.

True/False

Answer 21

FALSE…it’s pyruvate

Question 22

Glycolysis.
Lactate is the end product of…..

1) Anaerobic glycolysis
2) Aerobic glycolysis

Answer 22

1) anaerobic

Question 23

In aerobic glycolysis, _________ is formed and later converted to ________ for entry into the TCA cycle.

1) lactate, pyruvate
2) pyruvate, lactate
3) lactate, Acetyl CoA
4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA

Answer 23

4) pyruvate, acetyl CoA

Question 24

Hexosmonophosphate Shunt (HMP)/Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) occur in the CYTOSOL.

True.False

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

PPP creates 2 _______ for every glucose-6-p that enters in the oxidative phase,

1) NADH
2) NAD+
3) NADPH
4) NADP+

Answer 25

3) NADPH

Question 26

The non-oxidative PPP phase creates ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.

True False

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Gluconeogenesis precursors:

1) Lactate
2) Pyruvate
3) glycerol
4) all of the above

Answer 27

4) all of the above

Question 28

Gluconeogensis requires both cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes.

True False

Answer 28

True

Question 29

90% of gluconeogenesis occurse in the____, while 10$ occurs in the ______.

1) Heart, liver
2) Liver, kidney
3) kidney, liver
4) liver, brain

Answer 29

2) liver, kidney