Pathophysiology of vascular disease

Question 1

normal functions of vasculature

Answer 1

Distribute cellular metabolic substrates around 
the body
Remove cellular metabolic waste products
Maintain fluid homeostasis
Primary haemostasis

Question 2

signs of vascular disease

Answer 2

Underperfusion - Vascular obstruction
Increased vascular permeability - Oedema or haemorrhage
Abnormal flow
Abnormal pressures

Question 3

disturbance in equilibrium - causes

Answer 3

Increased hydrostatic pressures - Congestive heart failure or venous occlusion
Increased vascular permeability - Vasculitis
Decr oncotic pressure - Hypoproteinaemia
Decr lymphatic drainage - Lymphoedema

Question 4

disturbance in equilibrium - effect

Answer 4

oedema

Question 5

types of vascular disease

Answer 5

Obstructive
Degenerative
Inflammatory
Malformations

Question 6

thromboembolism - requirements

Answer 6

Disturbance of flow
Disturbance of endothelial integrity
Disturbance of haemostasis
Disturbance of fibrinolysis

Question 7

thromboembolism - causes

Answer 7

Cardiac disease
Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)
Parasitic disease
Protein losing nephropathies
Neoplasia
Auto-immune haemolytic anaemia

Question 8

degenerative vascular disease

Answer 8

arteriosclerosis

common in aged dogs

Question 9

malformations of vasculature

Answer 9

congenital - PDA, porto-systemic shunt, arteriovenous fistulae
acquired - arteriovenous fistulae 2ndary to trauma, neoplasia, surgery