Pathophysiology of thrombosis and embolism (part1)

Question 1

What is normal blood flow?

Answer 1

laminar

Question 2

Describe laminar blood flow

Answer 2

smooth and ordered

Question 3

What is the arrangement of plasma and cells in laminar blood?

Answer 3

cells in centre and plasma around the outside, in contact with the endothelial surface

Question 4

What affects the bodies vascular system?

Answer 4

pressure gradient (arterial to venous)

resistance (increase or decrease in vessel diameter)

viscosity of blood

velocity

compliance (of the vessel, type of vessel)

Question 5

What are 2 types of abnormal blood flow?

Answer 5

STASIS

TURBULENCE

Question 6

What is STASIS blood flow?

Answer 6

stagnation in blood flow

Question 7

What is turbulence blood flow?

Answer 7

forceful unpredictable flow

Question 8

What are causes defects in blood flow?

Answer 8

thromboembolism common

also…
atheroma
hyperviscosity, spasm, external compression, vasculitis, vascular steal

Question 9

What is atheroma?

Answer 9

the fatty material that clogs your arteries

Question 10

What are the components of Virchows triad?

Answer 10

changes in the blood vessel wall

changes in the blood constituents

changes in the pattern of blood flow

Question 11

What does virchows triad show?

Answer 11

factors causing thrombosis

Question 12

What is thrombosis?

Answer 12

formation of solid mass form the constituents of blood within the vascular system during life

Question 13

thrombosis vs thrombus?

Answer 13

thrombosis is the process

thrombus is what is formed

Question 14

thrombus vs clot?

Answer 14

clot = in vitro or post death

thrombis = in vivo living

Question 15

What is a good example of a change in the vessel wall (thrombosis)?

Answer 15

atheromatous coronary artery

Question 16

Layers of a blood vessel?

Answer 16

intima

media

adventitia

Question 17

What happens in the pathogenesis of thrombosis?

Answer 17

endothelial injury

stasis or turbulent blood flow

hypercoagulability of the blood

(virchows triad)

Question 18

describe the pathogenesis of thrombosis?

Answer 18

1. normal clear artery
2. atheromatous plaque develops
3. turbulent flow due to the atheromatous plaque
4. turbulent flow causing damage and loss of endothelial surface - exposes the sticky collagen of the plaque and to the flowing blood
5. causes elements of the flowing blood to be stick to the exposed plaque

this causes a sloid mass called thrombus

Question 19

What can happen due to turbulanet flow?

Answer 19

firnbin deposition, plateles clumping

Question 20

What can the fibrin meshwork and trapped RBC be called?

Answer 20

lines of Zahn

Question 21

What is the most important risk factor for atheroma?

Answer 21

hypercholesterolaemia

(virchows triad)

Question 22

propagates?

Answer 22

gets bigger

Question 23

What is another example of a change in vessel wall?

Answer 23

change in heart

Question 24

What are examples of changes in blood constituents (thrombosis)?

Answer 24

hyperviscosity, post-traumatic hypercoagulability

Question 25

What are examples of STASIS?

Answer 25

economy class syndrome (not moving legs) post-op = deep vein thrombosis

Question 26

What are examples of thrombosis caused by turbulence?

Answer 26

atheroatous plaque, aortic aneurysm

Question 27

What do the consequences of thrombosis depend on?

Answer 27

site extent collateral circulation

Question 28

What are common clinical scenarios?

Answer 28

DVT ischemia limb MI