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Pathophysiology > Pathophysiology Introduction > Flashcards

Pathophysiology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 inter-related topics included in Pathophysiology?

A
  1. Etiology
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Clinical Manifestations
  4. Treatment Implications
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2
Q

Define Etiology

A

The study of the causes or reasons for phenomena

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3
Q

What would make an etiology “idiopathic”?

A

If the etiological cause is unknown

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4
Q

What would make an etiology “iatrogenic”?

A

If the etiological cause is a result of unintended or unwanted medical treatment.

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5
Q

Define “Pathogenesis”

A

The development of a disease, from initial stimulus to the manifestation of the disease.

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6
Q

What are clinical menifestations?

A

Signs of disease (usually objective)

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7
Q

How are “symptoms” defined?

A

As the subjective feelings of an abnormality in the body

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8
Q

When might a disorder be considered a “syndrome”?

A

When the etiology of a particular set of signs and symptoms has not yet been determined

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9
Q

What is the interval between the exposure to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs/symptoms named?

A

The latent period

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10
Q

What might the time including the onset of the first signs/symptoms of a disease be called?

A

The prodromal period or “prodrome”

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11
Q

What would a section of time during the course of a disease where symptoms and signs become mild or even disappear be called?

A

A silent period or sometimes, a “latent” period

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12
Q

What is a “subclinical stage”?

A

A time where the patient may function normally but the disease is well-established

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13
Q

How long do acute conditions usually last?

A

Hours to days to weeks

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14
Q

How long to chronic conditions usually last?

A

Months to years.

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15
Q

Define “exacerbation”

A

A sudden increase in the severity of a disease, including, at times, it’s signs and symptoms.

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16
Q

Define “remission”

A

An abatement or decline in severity of a disease and, at times, it’s signs and symptoms.

17
Q

What is “convalescence”?

A

The stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.

18
Q

What is “sequela” (pl: sequelae”)

A

Subsequent pathologic conditions produced by diseases.

19
Q

Why is a complication different than sequelae?

A

Sequelae are conditions caused by diseases, such as scarring, whereas a complication is an entirely new process that is produced by the original problem such AKI resulting from cardiogenic shock.

20
Q

What is “validity”?

A

The degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of the object it is intended to measure

21
Q

What is “reliability”?

A

Also called “precision”

The ability of a test to give the same result in repeated measurements.

22
Q

Why might lab values and measurements differ from facility to facility?

A

Could be due to a difference in reagents used or laboratory methods.

23
Q

What is the “predictive value” of a test?

A

The extent to which the test can differentiate between the presence or absence of a condition in an individual

24
Q

Define “sensitivity”?

A

The probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the condition being tested.

25
Q

Define “epidemiology”

A

The study of patterns of disease involving aggregates of people

26
Q

What is an “endemic” disease?

A

A disease that is native to a local region

27
Q

What is a “pandemic” disease?

A

A disease that affects large geographic regions, often worldwide.

28
Q

What is an “epidemic” disease?

A

A disease that is disseminated to several individuals at the same time.

29
Q

Name 5 aggregate factors that affect patterns of disease in human populations.

A
  1. Age
  2. Ethnic group
  3. Gender
  4. Socioeconomic factors (and lifestyle considerations)
  5. Geographical location
30
Q

What are the changes in function that occur during the early years of life?

A

Developmental processes

31
Q

What are the changes in function that occur during maturity and post maturity called?

A

Aging processes

32
Q

What is the study of aging processes and other changes that occur during the end of life?

A

Gerontology

33
Q

What are the 3 levels of prevention?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
34
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Prevention by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.

35
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Prevention by early detection, screening, and management of the disease.

36
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.

Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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