Pathophysiology Chapter 1 Flashcards
pathophysiology
study of functional or physiologic changes in the body that result from disease processes.
pathology
study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease
disease
deviation from the normal structure or function of any art, organ, system or from state of wellness
health
physical mental and social well-being
prevention
decrease incidence of certain disease
primary prevention
protect healthy people form developing disease or experiencing injury in first place
secondary prevention
intervention happen after an illness or serious risk factors have already been diagnosed
- goal is to halt or slow progression of disease in earliest stage
tertiary prevention
focuses on helping people manage complicated long-term health problems such as diabetes heart disease, cancer and chronic musculoskeletal pain
gross level
organ or systen
microscopic
cellular
biopsy
excision of living tissue
autopsy
examination after death
diagnosis
identification of specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms, laboratory tests or other tools
etiology
cause of disease
idiopathic
cause of disease is unkown
iatrogenic
treatment, procedure or error causes disease
predisposing factor
tendencies that promote development of disease in an individual
(indicates high risk of disease but not certain development)
-e.x., age, gender, inherited factors, occupational exposure or diet
prophylaxis
measure designed to preserve health of an individual or society and prevent the spread of disease
preventative measures
vaccines, diet, lifestyle, remove harmful material from environment, stop engaging in harmful activities (smoking)
pathogenesis
development of disease or sequence of events involved in tissue change related to specific disease process
acute onset
sudden and obvious
insidious
gradual progression with vague mild symptoms ( disease creeps up on you)
acute disease
short term illness develops quickly with marked signs such as high fever and severe pain ( acute appendicitis)
chronic disease
milder condition develops gradually (e.x., rheumatoid arthritis)persists for long time and usually causes more permanent tissue damage
subclinical
pathologic changes occur but the patient exhibits no manifestation
(e.x., kidney damage may progress to advance stage of renal damage before symptoms are manifested)
latent stage
“silent” stage - no clinical signs are evident
incubation period
time between exposure to microorganism and the onset of signs or symptoms
prodromal period
comprises the time in the early development of a disease when one is aware of a change in the body but the signs are non specific (e.x., fatigue, loss of appetite or headache)
manifestation
clinical evidence or effects , signs and symptoms of a disease
local manifestation
redness/swelling at site of problem
systemic manifestation
signs and symptoms are general indicators of illness, such as fever