Pathophysiology

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

• Study of changes in the normal physical, chemical or mechanical processes which cause disease
• If you understand the cause of disease
• You can prevent it
• You may treat it better

Question 2

Pathos

Answer 2

Suffering

Question 3

Physio

Answer 3

Nature, origin

Question 4

Ology

Answer 4

Study of

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

•Communication within the body
-Cellular level
-Chemical signals
•Bodies internal balance

Question 6

Negative Feedback

Answer 6

• ”Off” switch, inhibits the original stimulus
• Insulin released to lower BGL to normal
• Glucose is at normal level, Insulin shuts off

Question 7

Positive Feedback

Answer 7

• Intensifies signal, enhances the original signal
• Oxytocin released in larger quantities to intensify labor contractions
• Blood clotting (platelet aggregation) at injury site is another example

Question 8

Adaption

Answer 8

Cells exposed to adverse conditions will protect themselves from injury

Question 9

Atrophy

Answer 9

Decrease in cell size

Question 10

Hypertrophy

Answer 10

Increase cell size

Question 11

Hyperplasia

Answer 11

Increase number of specific cells

Cell division

Question 12

Dysplasia

Answer 12

Change size, shape, and organization

Question 13

Metaphasia

Answer 13

Change type of cell

Question 14

Hypoxic Cellular Injury

Answer 14

•MOST Common cause of cell injury 
 -Hypoxemia**
   •MOST common cause of hypoxia
 -⬇️ O2 in air
 -Loss of hemoglobin function
 -⬇️ number of red blood cells 
 -Respiratory or cardiovascular Dz
•Reversible = Ischemia 
•Irreversible = Necrosis

Question 15

Chemical Injury

Answer 15

•Poisons 
 -Cyanide, pesticides 
•Lead
 -Brain Injury
•Carbon monoxide 
 -Hemoglobin affinity 200 times greater than O2
•Pharmacological agents
 -Drugs

Question 16

Virulence

Answer 16

•Toxicity
-Measures potential of microorganism to cause disease
-Effectiveness of body’s defenses
-Microorganisms resistance to body’s defenses
•Invade and destroy cells
•Produce toxins
•Immunosuppressed- less able to defend

Question 17

Bacteria

Answer 17

•Normal flora
•Prokaryotic 
 -No organized nucleus 
•Capsule- protects 
•Rely on host
 -Environment 
 -Nutrition 
•Gram+ —> blue
•Gram-  —> red
 -Most
•Antibiotics 
•Septicemia 
 -Sepsis 
 -Gram(-) usually

Question 18

Bacteria

Exotoxin

Answer 18

•Gram-neg and gram-pos 
•Released from inside cell 
 -During growth 
•Many types of exotoxins 
•Heat labile 
 -Destroys
•Specific effects on hosts 
•Vaccines 
•Highly poisonous/toxic