Pathophysiology Flashcards
Explain the BCL-2 gene
A gene involved in apoptosis.
B cell Leukemia 2
Induces apoptosis once a cell is no longer needed.
What is cadherin
A cell adhesion molecule (CAM)
Binds cells to each other
Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAM)
Helps cells bind to each other and to the ECM (extra cellular matrix)
Cadherins bind cell to cell
Integrins bind cells to the ECM
What is cyclin
A family of proteins that work with CDK’s to regulate the cell
What is cyclin dependent kinase?
A family of proteins that work with cycling to regulate the cell
Activated by cyclin binding to the CDK and by phosphorylation.
What is cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI)?
A protein that responds to regulatory signals and binds to CDK’s causing cell cycle arrest primarily at G1
What is cytokinesis?
Part of the cell cycle
The cytoplasm separates and two distinct daughter cells are produced.
What is Extracellular Matrix (ECM)?
A basement membrane that compartmentalizes tissues and provides structural support.
What is a genome?
The complete set of hereditary factors, as contained in the haploid assortment of chromosomes
What is integrin?
A cell adhesion molecule that assists the cell to bind to the ECM a
What is a ligand?
A messenger protein
Explain Mitosis
Four phases of cell division. The DNA replicates and the cell prepares for cytokinesis. 1) prophase 2) metaphase 3) anaphase 4) telophase Cytokinesis
What is the p53 gene
The principle gene involved in apoptosis.
The guardian of the genome.
At G1 of the cell cycle) p53 either holds the cell until it can be repaired or causes the cell to enter apoptosis.
What is phosphorylation?
Occurs when a phosphate is added to a protein. This can either activate or deactivate a protein enzyme.
What is apoptosis
Programmed cell death or cell suicide. A safe guard controlled by genes p53 and BCL-2
Extrcellular and intracellular
