Pathophysiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Chronic metabolic condition
Hyperglycaemia due to impaired insulin production and secretion with or without insulin resistance

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2
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A
  • Destruction of B-cells (cells in the pancreas which produce insulin)
  • Lack of insulin results in raised blood glucose (insulin helps cells to absorb glucose from blood)
  • Autoimmune disease (T-cells attack B-cells)
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3
Q

What is the epidiomology of type 1 diabetes?

A

Usually in children or young adults
Faster symptom onset

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4
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Insulin resistance (insulin helps cells to absorb glucose from blood)
  • B-cells can produce insulin however cells not responding to insulin so the body is unable to effectively use insulin
  • As the disease progresses, pancreas reduce insulin production
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5
Q

What is the epidiomology of type 2 diabetes?

A

Most common in South Asians
Usually >40 years
Clear association between diabetes and obesity
Can be genetic

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6
Q

Compare type 1 diabetes with type 2.

A
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7
Q

Describe how the body responds to low and high blood glucose (in non-diabetic patients)

A
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

A

4 Ts
- Toilet (increased urination)
- Thirstiness
- Thinner (due to dehydration and breakdown of muscle as an energy source)
- Tiredness

Can also experience blurred vision.

Symptoms are often faster and more severe in type 1 diabetes.

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