Pathophysiology Flashcards
1
Q
What is adrenaline?
A
- it is an example of inotropes.
- inotropes are agents that increase myocardial contractility (inotropy).
- other examples (dobutamine, ephedrine, isoprenaline).
- beta >alpha
- effects -> increase HR, vasodilation.
- uses -> cardiac arrest, low CO
2
Q
What is noradrenaline?
A
- vasopressors
- cause vasoconstriction leading to increased sytemic vascular resistance
- other examples -> vasopressin, metaraminol, methylene blue.
- alpha > beta
- uses -> septic shock, vasodilation
3
Q
Definition of SIRS.
A
- systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
- dysregulated host inflammatory response to infectious and non infectious stimuli.
- diagnosis requires 2 or more of (HART)
- HR >90
- Abnormal WCC >12 or <4
- RR >20
- Temperature >38 or <36
4
Q
SIRS spiel
A
- infection or inflammation.
- lead to cytokines production -> IL1, 6 and 8, TNF alpha, IFN gamma by macrophages, monocytes, mast cells and platelets.
- these then entered systemic circulation.
- recruitment more cells.
- IL 1 and TNF alpha -> fever.
- activation of coagulation and complement cascade
- C3a and C5a -> potent vasodilators -> hypotension.
- Prostaglandin and leukotrines lead to increase in endothelial damange and increase vascular permeability.
- there is an imbalance in comparison to anti inflammatory response.
5
Q
Definition of sepsis
A
Life threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection.
SIRS + infection.
6
Q
Definition of septic shock.
A
- sepsis with profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities.
- distributive shock.
- requires vasopressors to maintain MAP >65 mmHg
- lactataemia >2
- in the abscesnce of hypovolaemia.
7
Q
Definition of MODS.
A
state of physiological derangements in which organ function is unable to maintain homeostasis.
8
Q
Definition of shock.
A
State of circulatory failure characterised by globally impaired tissue perfusion and cellular hypoxia.
Four types -> distributive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic and obstructive.
