Pathophysiology Flashcards
Why does plasma seep out into the tissue?
Increased capillary permeability
When does the majority of plasma seeping out into the tissues occur?
First 24 hours
*worry about shock
Why does pulse increase?
FVD
Why does CO decrease?
FVD
Why does urine output decrease?
FVD
Why is epinephrine secreted?
Epi and norepi secretion make you peripherally vasoconstrictor, so blood is shunted to vital organs
Anytime systolic bp drops below 90 the client will not have what?
adequate organ perfusion
Why are ADH and aldosterone secreted?
- Retain Na and H2O
- Retain H2O with ADH
- therefore blood volume will up
Most common method to determine % of the body that is burned is called what?
Rule of 9’s
Rule of 9s means what?
- Head and neck: 9%
- Trunk: Front 18% and back 18 %
- Each Arm: 9%
- Genital: 1%
- Each Leg: 18%
Partial thickness burns are what degrees?
1st and 2nd
Full thickness burns are what degrees?
3rd and 4th
How does burn location determine severity? ex: face, neck or chest? hands, feet, joints, or eyes?
-could interfere with breathing
or
-could interfere with productivity
What are risk factors for complications from burns?
- heart, lung, or kidney disease
- pre-existing DM pr peripheral vascular disease (leg or foot may not heal well)
- Other injuries from burn
- very old or very young
Why do the very young or very old have a higher risk of mortality form a burn?
- skin is very thing and less subq fat, so burn can go deeper
- BSA less in very young
What is the emergency management to sop the process of burning?
-wrap in blanket
(no flame doesn’t mean burning process is done thought)
-use cool water but not more than 10 min (or excessive heat loss)
-remove clothing/jewelry (metal can continue to burn) and cover burns with clean dry cloth
What benefit does wrapping burn victim in a blanket have?
hold in body heat and protect from germs
What is the number one cause of death form burns?
Inhalation injury
What do you breathe in with an inhalation injury?
-carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide
What does oxygen usually bind with?
hemoglobin
What does hemoglobin bind with instead of oxygen in inhalation injuries?
Carbon monoxide
Can oxygen bind to hemoglobin if carbon monoxide already has?
no
Is a client hypoxic after a inhalation injury?
Yes (oxygen can’t bind to hemoglobin
What is the treatment for an inhalation injury?
100 % oxygen
Is inhalation is a closed or open space worse?
Closed (more carbon monoxide inhaled)
When you see a client with burns to neck, face, or chest what should you focus on!?
AIRWAY
What might the doctor do prophylactically with a client who has a inhalation injury to the neck, face, or chest?
Intubate
Singed nose hair or facial hair is an indicator of what?
Inhalation injury
Soot on face is an indicator of what?
Inhalation injury
Coughing up secretions with dark specks is an indicator of what?
Inhalation injury
Difficulty swallowing is an indicator of what?
inhalation injury
Wheezing is an indicator of what?
inhalation injury
Blisters found on oral/pharyngeal mucosa is an indicator of what?
inhalation injury
Hoarseness is an indicator of what?
Inhalation injury
Substernal/intercostal retractions and stridor are bad signs of what?
inhalation injury
More deaths with upper or lower body burns?
upper
