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Pathophys Disorders > Pathophysio Disorders Part 1 > Flashcards

Pathophysio Disorders Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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3
Q

Benign papillomas

Exaggeration of normal skin composition

Only invades kin and mucous membrancous

Most resolve within 5 years

Viral infection

A

Verrucae (warts)

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4
Q

Common infection of skin and mucous membrane

Vesicles and erythema become pustules, ulcers, crusts then heal

A

Herpes simplex

Type 1- above the waist

Type 2- below the waist

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5
Q

Acute, localized, inflammatory

Normally within dermatosomal segment

Stays latent in dorsal root ranglia

eruption of vesicles and erythematous bases

A

Herpes Zoster- shingles

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6
Q

Can cause infection

often erythematous macules or plaques with peripheral scaling and central clearing

A

Superficial fungal infection

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7
Q

Fungal infection found in immunoimpaired people

A

Mucocutaneous candidiasis

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8
Q

Fungal infection found in infants and bed ridden patients

A

Intertrigo

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9
Q

Acute, contagious

vesciles, pustules, yellowing crusts

bacterial infection

A

Impetigo

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10
Q

Bacterial STD

3 stages-lesion, rash, goes to brain

A

Syphilis

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11
Q

Excessive growth of keratinocytes/ keratin

looks like a fish!

A

congenital ichthyosis

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12
Q

hyperkeratosis

stimulation by pressure

A

corns, calluses

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13
Q

most common skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

rare, highly malignant, skin cancer

A

melanoma

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15
Q

Diffuse, punctate, macular rash

Begins on trunk, spread to arms/ legs

Swollen lymph nodes

Can cross placenta

A

Rubella- 3 day (german) measles

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16
Q

Herpes 6 and 7

5-15 months- maculopapular rash on trunk

spreads to appendages- high fever, inflamed tympanic membranes

no swollen lymph nodes

A

roseola infantum

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17
Q

Macular, blotchy rash

begins onf face, spreads to appendages

high temp, photosensitivity, macules may hemorrhage

highly communicable

A

Measles

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18
Q

Skin lesions in 3 stages: macule, vesicle, granular scab

All 3 forms visible by 3rd day

A

Chicken pox- varicella

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19
Q

Systemic reactions to toxins produce by alpha beta-hemolytic streptococci

normally with strep throat

pink punctate skin rash

high fever, strawberry tongue

A

scarlet fever

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20
Q

superficial, partial thickness burn

A

1st degree burn

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21
Q

Epidermis and part of dermis (partial thickness)

SubQ structure stay intact (full thickness)

A

2nd degree burn

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22
Q

Full thickness burn

extends into subcutaneous tissue

vasculature involvment

A

third degree burn

23
Q

full thickness beyond dermis

muscle and bone involving

A

4th degree burn

24
Q

lateral curvature of the skin

resolves when patient bends to affected side

A

non-structural scoliosis

25
Q

lateral curavture of the spine

fails to correct on forced bending against curavture

vertebral rotation

A

structural scoliosis

26
Q

Bone resoprtion rate greater than formation

osteoclasts outpace osteoblasts

cancellous lost faster than cortical

A

osteoporosis

27
Q

Deficit in mineraliation of osteoid

Vitamin D deficiency prevents normal calcium and phosphorus maintenance

A

Rickets (children) Osteomalacia (adults)

28
Q

Progressive slow metabolic disorder

excessive bone resorption follow by excessive bone formation

overproduction of cancellous bone

fragility leads to deformities and fractures

A

Paget Disease

29
Q

Soft tissue trauma due to unyielding structure of inert tissues

decreae compartment size, increased compartment content

all cause pressure- ischmia and pain

A

Compartment syndrome

30
Q

Common, severe X-linked

Muscle cells lack dystrophin

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

31
Q

inherited, autosomal dominant, face and shoulder affected

A

facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

32
Q

Chronic, autoimmune diseaes of neuromuscular function

voluntary muscle weakness and fatigue

Ach receptor antibodies

A

Myasthenia Gravis

33
Q

Pain syndrome, chronic muscle pain

unkown etiology

A

Fibromyalgia syndrome

34
Q

Degenerative, progressive, non-inflammatory disease

Loss of articular cartilage

More prevelant with age

A

Osteoarthritis

35
Q

Systemic inflammatory disease

characterized by inflammation in joint cavity

stimulate edema, neovascularization, synovial proliferation

A

rheumatoid arthritis

36
Q

Agglutination due to mismatch ABO blood types

Type II hypersensitivty rxn

A

transufion rxn

37
Q

Rh- mother with Rh+ fetus

type II hypersensitivty rxn

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn

38
Q

antibodies form to ach receptor on motor end plates of muscles

no effect cells

loss of motor end plate function

types II hypersensitivity rxn

A

Myasthenia Gravis

39
Q

similar to myasthenia Gravis but with effector cells

  • Body develops autoantibodies directed towards autoreceptors in thyroid gland
  • Build up receptors and enhance normal function of thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism)
A

Graves Disease

40
Q

Donor tissue - antigen for which recipient has preformed antibodies
Revascularization of new tissue - antibodies attach
Effects and complement mediate lysis of donor tissue
Inflammation, thrombosis & hemorrhage - 48 till donor tissue death

A

hyperactue graft reaction

41
Q

Caused by persistent low-grade infection
Interaction of soluble exogenous antigen with soluble antibody
Immune complex deposited in glomerular capillary wall
Damage to glomerular basement membrane
Proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, oliguria

A

Immune complex glomerulonephritis

42
Q

Autoimmune, connective tissue, collagen vascular or inflammatory disorder
Development of antibodies against nuclear antigens
Anti-nuclear and anti-DNA autoantibodies attach - deposit on collagen-rich tissues

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

43
Q

Rapid type IV
Soluble antigen triggers T cells - release cytokines - activate basophils - move to infected area - skin swelling in 24 hrs

A

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity

44
Q

Hapten penetrates skin - becomes immunogenic
Activation of CD4+ cells - inflammatory response and attraction of effector cells

  • epidermal phenomenon - peaks in 48-72 hrs
A

Contact hypersensitivity

45
Q

Person with tuberculosis antibodies is exposed to tuberculin in a TB test
Dermal phenomenon

A

Tuberculin-type hypersensitivity

46
Q

Primary defense against intracellular infections
Protective - eventually causes tissue destruction
Antigen not degraded in macrophages
Lymphocytes create inflammatory response

A

Granulomatous hypersensitivity

47
Q

Autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive
Possible defective expression of MHC
Possible mutation to RAG1 & RAG2

A

SCID

48
Q

X-linked
Mutation of WASP gene - cytoplasmic signaling
Deficiency of platelets, non-functional T cells
Trouble mounting immune responses

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

49
Q

thymic hypoplasia
T cell development affected due to deletion on chromosome 22
Normal B cells
Normally found with other developmental disorders

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

50
Q

Autosomal recessive T-cell disorder
Selective deficiency of cell-mediated immunity against Candida albicans
Persistent or recurrent severe skin, nail and mucous membrane infections
Other B and T cell functions are normal

A

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

51
Q

failure of IgA lymphocytes to become plasma cells
Autosomal dominant or recessive
Prone to respiratory, GI and genitourinary infections

A

IgA deficiency

52
Q

B cells unable to complete maturation
Mutation of btk gene
Increase in T cells
Prone to recurrent bacterial infections

A

Bruton X-linked agammaglobulinemia

53
Q

Infant slow to acquire normal Ig levels
Normalcy achieved usually by age 4

A

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia

54
Q
A

Pathophys Disorders (1 decks)

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