Pathophysio

Question 1

Tumorous abscesses, very hard and diffusely swollen tongue

Answer 1

actinobacillosis

Question 2

Seen primarily in cattle but also in sheep, horses, pigs, and dogs

Answer 2

Actinibacillosis

Question 3

Pyogranulomatous Lx in soft tissues associated with the head, neck, limbs, and subcutaneous tissue

Answer 3

Actinobacillosis

Question 4

– l o c a l i z e d , c h r o n i c , p r o g r e s s i v e ,
granulomatous abscess that involves the
mandible, maxillae, or other bony tissues
in the head

Answer 4

Actinomycosis

Question 5

introduced via penetrating wounds of
the oral mucosa from wire or coarse hay
or sticks

Answer 5

Actinomycosis

Question 6

hemolymphatic, multi-systemic

Answer 6

Anthrax

Question 7

rapidly dividing bacteria produce capsule and toxins

Answer 7

Anthrax

Question 8

toxins help the bacteria to evade the immune
system resulting in systemic infection

Answer 8

Anthrax

Question 9

with severe bacteremia toxins enter cells of other
systems resulting in vascular shock and death

Answer 9

Anthrax

Question 10

many affected cattle are found dead, with no
premonitory signs

Answer 10

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria

Question 11

port-wine–colored urine is the most prominent
clinical sign

Answer 11

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria

Question 12

organisms are ingested, pass through the wall of
the GIT, and, a ft e r g a ining a c c e s s to the
bloodstream, are deposited in muscle and other
tissues (spleen, liver, and GI tract) and may
remain dormant

Answer 12

Black leg

Question 13

emphysematous and necrotizing myositis

Answer 13

Black leg

Question 14

abortion is the most obvious clinical sign

Answer 14

Brucellosis

Question 15

overall health is not impaired in uncomplicated
abortions

Answer 15

Brucellosis

Question 16

zoonotic

Answer 16

Brucellosis

Question 17

Ss metritis, chronic infection

Answer 17

Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)

Question 18

Abortion may occur at a cut febrile stage

Answer 18

Leptospirosis ( Leptospira hardjo)

Question 19

Cows that abort may die of septicemia near term. Retained placenta and metritis

Answer 19

Listeriosis ( Listeria monocytogenes)

Question 20

ascending bacterial infection and inflammation
of the urinary tract

Answer 20

Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis

Question 21

pyuria, hematuria, stranguria

Answer 21

Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis

Question 22

organism colonize the mucosal lining of
bladder and ureters after some traumatic insult

Answer 22

Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis

Question 23

variable degree of mucopurulent endometritis
causing EED, prolonged luteal phases, irregular
estrous cycles, repeat breeding resulting to
protracted calving periods

Answer 23

Bovine Genital Campylobacter

Question 24

chronic (cachexia), contagious granulomatous
enteritis characterized by progressive weight
loss, debilitation, and death

Answer 24

Bovine Paratuberculosis

Question 25

diarrhea may be constant or intermittent

Answer 25

Bovine Paratuberculosis

Question 26

ventral and submandibular edema may develop due to protein-losing enterophathy

Answer 26

Bovine Paratuberculosis

Question 27

characteristic lesion is a thickened, often corrugated, wall in the distal small intestine

Answer 27

Bovine Paratuberculosis

Question 28

granulomatous nodules called tubercles in the lungs

Answer 28

Bovine Tuberculosis

Question 29

tubercles are mostly found in the thoracic cavity and associated lymph nodes

Answer 29

Bovine Tuberculosis

Question 30

necrotic stomatitis if lesions are restricted to the oral cavity

Answer 30

Calf diptheria

Question 31

if extended to the larynx, buccal, and pharyngeal mucosa

Answer 31

calf diphtheria

Question 32

common among calves of <3 months old

Answer 32

Calf diptheria

Question 33

single or multiple palpable abscesses of peripheral (external) and/or internal lymph nodes and organs

Answer 33

Caseous lymphadenitis

Question 34

purulent material is very thick and nonodorous

Answer 34

Caseous lymphadenitis

Question 35

internal form typically manifests as chronic weight loss and ill thrift

Answer 35

Caseous lymphadenitis

Question 36

severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleural pleurisy

Answer 36

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Question 37

– fluid-filled thorax – lung consolidation

Answer 37

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Question 38

Maroscopic: marbled appearance of pleuropneumonia

Answer 38

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Question 39

Microscopic: acute, fibrinous pneumonia with fibrinous pleurisy

Answer 39

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Question 40

bacterial skin infection affecting multiple species

Answer 40

Dermatophilosis

Question 41

m o s t c o m m o n i n y o u n g o r immunosuppres sed animal s or in animals chronically exposed to wet conditions

Answer 41

Dermatophilosis

Question 42

Sx: matter hair, crusts, and war-like Lx

Answer 42

dermatophilosis

Question 44

abortions at any time of a pregnancy as well as birth of weak offspring

Answer 44

Leptospirosis

Question 45

blood-tinged milk

Answer 45

Leptospirosis

Question 46

chronic, silent infection associated with reproductive failure as embryo losses and estrus repetition

Answer 46

Leptospirosis

Question 47

serovars Hardjo and Guaricura colonize and persist in the genital tract of infected cows and bulls (chronic form)

Answer 47

Leptospirosis

Question 48

characteristic Lx is swelling of the subcutis and muscle of the submandibular region, neck, and brisket by clear to blood-tinged edema fluid

Answer 48

Hemorrhagic septicemia

Question 49

common stressors include high temperature and humidity, concurrent infection (blood parasites), poor nutrition, or work stress

Answer 49

Hemorrhagic septicemia

Question 50

death within 8–24 hours, animals often have fever, hypersalivation, nasal discharge, and labored respiration

Answer 50

Per acute cases of hemorrhagic septicemia

Question 51

pe r s i s t for up to 3 da y s characterized by fever, apathy or restlessness and reluctance to move, hypersalivation, lacrimation, nasal discharge

Answer 51

Acute disease of hemorrhagic septicemia

Question 52

localized ascending asymmetric infection of the brain stem

Answer 52

Listeriosis

Question 53

meningoencephalitis damages the origins of CN V, VII, and VIII in the brain stem resulting in unilateral facial paresis or paralysis, head tilt, loss of sensation, depression, and recumbency

Answer 53

Listeriosis

Question 54

septicemia, abortion, and latent infection

Answer 54

Listeriosis

Question 55

occurs when microbes enter the teat via teat canal

Answer 55

Mastitis

Question 56

contagious spread of pathogens

Answer 56

Mastitis

Question 57

presence of an infection without apparent signs of local inflammation or systemic involvement

Answer 57

Subclinical mastitis

Question 58

if the infection persists for at least 2 months

Answer 58

Chronic Subclinical mastitis

Question 59

detection is best done by testing milk for Somatic Cell Count (SCCs)

Answer 59

Subclinical mastitis

Question 60

milk yield decrease

Answer 60

Subclinical mastitis

Question 62

inflammatory response to infection causing visibly abnormal milk (eg, color, fibrin clots)

Answer 62

Clinical mastitis

Question 63

Mastitis: clinical cases that include only local signs are referred to as

Answer 63

Mild or moderate

Question 64

Mastitis: if the inflammatory response includes systemic involvement (fever, anorexia, shock), the case is termed

Answer 64

Severe

Question 65

if the onset is very rapid, as often occurs with severe clinical cases, it is termed

Answer 65

acute or severe mastitis

Question 66

associated with suppurative or caseous Lx, comprising a mixed purulent and granulomatous response that can affect any body organ

Answer 66

Melioidosis

Question 67

clinically infected individuals can shed the agent via urine, feces, milk, sputum, and purulent material

Answer 67

Melioidosis

Question 68

fulminant septicemia, pneumonia, local infection, subacute illness, and chronic infection to subclinical disease

Answer 68

Melioidosis

Question 69

inflammation of the layers of uterus during postpartum period (first 2 weeks)

Answer 69

Metritis

Question 70

fetid, watery, discolored genital discharge

Answer 70

Metritis

Question 71

aggrevated by RFM

Answer 71

Metritis

Question 72

shows sx of septicemia including high fever, anorexia, depression, dehydration

Answer 72

Puerperal (toxic) metritis

Question 73

is caused by Clostridium spp.

Answer 73

Gangrenous metritis

Question 74

vulva, vestibulo-vaginal sphincter, and cervix are mechanical barriers that protect the uterus from bacterial contamination

Answer 74

Metritis

Question 75

during parturition and shortly thereafter, these barriers break down and allow pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria to contaminate the uterus.

Answer 75

Metritis

Question 76

most of these bacteria are transient residents and are eliminated by the defense mechanisms of the uterus

Answer 76

Metritis

Question 77

most commonly associated with transport and assembly of large groups of recently weaned calves into feedlots

Answer 77

Respiratory Diseases Complex

Question 78

involves stress factor coupled with viral infection resulting in suppressed immune defenses and the proliferation of bacteria in the upper respiratory tract

Answer 78

Respiratory Disease Complex

Question 79

multiple stress factors contribute to the suppression of host defense mechanisms

Answer 79

Respiratory Disease Complex

Question 80

weaning is a noteworthy stressor

Answer 80

Respiratory Diseases Complex

Question 81

may occur at vaccination sites when vaccination is performed under sub-optimal conditions (wet, dirty or blunt needles)

Answer 81

Subcutaneous abscess

Question 82

lumps on the side of the neck are usually vaccination site abscesses

Answer 82

Subcutaneous Abscess

Question 83

that can arise slowly and characterized by one or more abscesses on different sites

Answer 83

Subcutaneous abscess chronic condition