Pathophysio Flashcards
Tumorous abscesses, very hard and diffusely swollen tongue
actinobacillosis
Seen primarily in cattle but also in sheep, horses, pigs, and dogs
Actinibacillosis
Pyogranulomatous Lx in soft tissues associated with the head, neck, limbs, and subcutaneous tissue
Actinobacillosis
– l o c a l i z e d , c h r o n i c , p r o g r e s s i v e ,
granulomatous abscess that involves the
mandible, maxillae, or other bony tissues
in the head
Actinomycosis
introduced via penetrating wounds of
the oral mucosa from wire or coarse hay
or sticks
Actinomycosis
hemolymphatic, multi-systemic
Anthrax
rapidly dividing bacteria produce capsule and toxins
Anthrax
toxins help the bacteria to evade the immune
system resulting in systemic infection
Anthrax
with severe bacteremia toxins enter cells of other
systems resulting in vascular shock and death
Anthrax
many affected cattle are found dead, with no
premonitory signs
Bacillary Hemoglobinuria
port-wine–colored urine is the most prominent
clinical sign
Bacillary Hemoglobinuria
organisms are ingested, pass through the wall of
the GIT, and, a ft e r g a ining a c c e s s to the
bloodstream, are deposited in muscle and other
tissues (spleen, liver, and GI tract) and may
remain dormant
Black leg
emphysematous and necrotizing myositis
Black leg
abortion is the most obvious clinical sign
Brucellosis
overall health is not impaired in uncomplicated
abortions
Brucellosis
zoonotic
Brucellosis
Ss metritis, chronic infection
Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)
Abortion may occur at a cut febrile stage
Leptospirosis ( Leptospira hardjo)
Cows that abort may die of septicemia near term. Retained placenta and metritis
Listeriosis ( Listeria monocytogenes)
ascending bacterial infection and inflammation
of the urinary tract
Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis
pyuria, hematuria, stranguria
Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis
organism colonize the mucosal lining of
bladder and ureters after some traumatic insult
Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis
variable degree of mucopurulent endometritis
causing EED, prolonged luteal phases, irregular
estrous cycles, repeat breeding resulting to
protracted calving periods
Bovine Genital Campylobacter
chronic (cachexia), contagious granulomatous
enteritis characterized by progressive weight
loss, debilitation, and death
Bovine Paratuberculosis
diarrhea may be constant or intermittent
Bovine Paratuberculosis
ventral and submandibular edema may develop
due to protein-losing enterophathy
Bovine Paratuberculosis
characteristic lesion is a thickened, often
corrugated, wall in the distal small intestine
Bovine Paratuberculosis
granulomatous nodules called tubercles in the
lungs
Bovine Tuberculosis
tubercles are mostly found in the thoracic cavity
and associated lymph nodes
Bovine Tuberculosis
necrotic stomatitis if lesions are restricted to the
oral cavity
Calf diptheria
if extended to the larynx, buccal,
and pharyngeal mucosa
calf diphtheria
common among calves of <3 months old
Calf diptheria
single or multiple palpable abscesses of
peripheral (external) and/or internal
lymph nodes and organs
Caseous lymphadenitis
purulent material is very thick and
nonodorous
Caseous lymphadenitis
internal form typically manifests as
chronic weight loss and ill thrift
Caseous lymphadenitis
severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia and
pleural pleurisy
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
– fluid-filled thorax
– lung consolidation
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
Maroscopic: marbled appearance of
pleuropneumonia
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
Microscopic: acute, fibrinous pneumonia
with fibrinous pleurisy
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
bacterial skin infection affecting multiple
species
Dermatophilosis
m o s t c o m m o n i n y o u n g o r
immunosuppres sed animal s or in
animals chronically exposed to wet
conditions
Dermatophilosis
Sx: matter hair, crusts, and war-like Lx
dermatophilosis
abortions at any time of a pregnancy as
well as birth of weak offspring
Leptospirosis
blood-tinged milk
Leptospirosis
chronic, silent infection associated with
reproductive failure as embryo losses
and estrus repetition
Leptospirosis
serovars Hardjo and Guaricura colonize
and persist in the genital tract of infected
cows and bulls (chronic form)
Leptospirosis
characteristic Lx is swelling of the subcutis and
muscle of the submandibular region, neck, and
brisket by clear to blood-tinged edema fluid
Hemorrhagic septicemia
common stressors include high temperature and
humidity, concurrent infection (blood parasites),
poor nutrition, or work stress
Hemorrhagic septicemia
death within 8–24 hours,
animals often have fever, hypersalivation, nasal
discharge, and labored respiration
Per acute cases of hemorrhagic septicemia
pe r s i s t for up to 3 da y s
characterized by fever, apathy or restlessness
and reluctance to move, hypersalivation,
lacrimation, nasal discharge
Acute disease of hemorrhagic septicemia
localized ascending asymmetric infection
of the brain stem
Listeriosis
meningoencephalitis damages the
origins of CN V, VII, and VIII in the brain
stem resulting in unilateral facial paresis
or paralysis, head tilt, loss of sensation,
depression, and recumbency
Listeriosis
septicemia, abortion, and latent infection
Listeriosis
occurs when microbes enter the teat via teat canal
Mastitis
contagious spread of pathogens
Mastitis
presence of an infection without apparent signs of
local inflammation or systemic involvement
Subclinical mastitis
if the infection persists for at least 2
months
Chronic Subclinical mastitis
detection is best done by testing milk for Somatic
Cell Count (SCCs)
Subclinical mastitis
milk yield decrease
Subclinical mastitis
inflammatory response to infection causing visibly
abnormal milk (eg, color, fibrin clots)
Clinical mastitis
Mastitis: clinical cases that include only local signs are
referred to as
Mild or moderate
Mastitis: if the inflammatory response includes systemic
involvement (fever, anorexia, shock), the case is
termed
Severe
if the onset is very rapid, as often occurs with
severe clinical cases, it is termed
acute or severe mastitis
associated with suppurative or caseous
Lx, comprising a mixed purulent and
granulomatous response that can affect
any body organ
Melioidosis
clinically infected individuals can shed
the agent via urine, feces, milk, sputum,
and purulent material
Melioidosis
fulminant septicemia, pneumonia, local
infection, subacute illness, and chronic
infection to subclinical disease
Melioidosis
inflammation of the layers of uterus during postpartum period (first 2 weeks)
Metritis
fetid, watery, discolored genital discharge
Metritis
aggrevated by RFM
Metritis
shows sx of septicemia
including high fever, anorexia, depression,
dehydration
Puerperal (toxic) metritis
is caused by Clostridium spp.
Gangrenous metritis
vulva, vestibulo-vaginal sphincter, and cervix are
mechanical barriers that protect the uterus from
bacterial contamination
Metritis
during parturition and shortly thereafter, these
barriers break down and allow pathogenic and
nonpathogenic bacteria to contaminate the uterus.
Metritis
most of these bacteria are transient residents and
are eliminated by the defense mechanisms of the
uterus
Metritis
most commonly associated with transport and
assembly of large groups of recently weaned
calves into feedlots
Respiratory Diseases Complex
involves stress factor coupled with viral
infection resulting in suppressed immune
defenses and the proliferation of bacteria in the
upper respiratory tract
Respiratory Disease Complex
multiple stress factors contribute to the
suppression of host defense mechanisms
Respiratory Disease Complex
weaning is a noteworthy stressor
Respiratory Diseases Complex
may occur at vaccination sites when vaccination
is performed under sub-optimal conditions (wet,
dirty or blunt needles)
Subcutaneous abscess
lumps on the side of the neck are usually
vaccination site abscesses
Subcutaneous Abscess
that can arise slowly and
characterized by one or more abscesses on
different sites
Subcutaneous abscess chronic condition
