Pathophys buzzwords quiz 2 Flashcards
Cardiac Enzyme test with longest duration
Troponin
Most specific/sensitive cardiac enzyme test
Troponin
Tombstone sign
STEMI
Cardiac enzyme first to elevate
myoglobin
MC cause of mitral stenosis
rheumatic fever
one MC cause of mitral regurgitation
mitral valve prolapse
MC valvular disease
aortic stenosis
concerning sx of aortic stenosis
synacope
always include aortic regurgitation in diff dx if have
Infective endocarditis
Most common cardiomyopathy
dilated
Most common genetic CV disease
hypertrophic
Most common cause of SCD in young
hypertrophic
MC restrictive cardiomyopathy due to
amyloidosis
Becks triad
hypotension, jugular vein distention,, muffeled heart sounds
Becks triad seen in
cardiac tamponade
viral inflammation, mostly idopathic
pericarditis
Diffuse ST changes on ECG
acute pericarditis
MC congenital dz
Ventricular Septal Defects
Coarctation (narrowing) of the Aorta BP
Blood pressure is usually disproportionally higher in upper extremities than in lower extremities*
MC congenital defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?
Left sided HF
What are the two systems used to stage the severity of heart failure?
ACC/AHA Stage NYHA
MC dysrythmias
reentry
pheochromocytoma
sinus trachycardia
What do the P waves look like on ECG in atrial fibrillation and why do they look like that?
irregularly irregular
MC cause cardiogenic shock
MI
MC complication with septic shock
DIC
Ca
the most important electrolyte in heart fun
cHRonotropic
increase HR
inotropic
increase force on contraction
MC type of angina
stable/chronic
Hallmork: Sjogren’s syndrome
dry eyes, dry mouth
Fat, female, fertile and forty* (& Fam first degree)
Risk factors for cholelithiasis
Right upper quadrant pain(often radiates to right scapula)
acute cholecystitis
Dx of acute cholecystitis
Ultrasonography
Where is it really bad for cholecystitis to spread to
liver
Main cause of acute pancreatitis
alcohol
Gold standard test pancreatitis
CT abdomen with contrast
Cullens signs
periabdominal
Turners sign
Flank
mainstay tx pancreatitis
NPO
MOST COMMON CAUSE of pancreatitis
ALCOHOL ABUSE! Over long period of time*
key in cholesterol production
HMG-CoA reductase
Pre-hepatic serum
increases unconjugated bilirubin
prehepatic urine
no billirubin increased urobillirubin
posthepatic serum
increased conjugated bilirubin
posthepatic urine
(+) conjugated billirubin
hepatic serum
increased conjugated bilirubin
hepatic urine
(+) conjugated billirubin no or little urobillirubin
normal serum
some conjugated some unconjugated
normal urine
little urobillirubin
Middle age women, doesn’t drink, cirrohis
PRIMARY BILLIARY CIRRHOSIS
cant hold hand up, spasms, names bc like bird wing
astrocytes flap
ascites must preform
paracentesis
indicates prior infection or immunity
xHBsAB
1 leading cause of liver transplant in U.S.
HEP C
Wilsons = problem with deposition of
copper
low ceruloplasmin serum
Wilsons
Kaiser-Fleischer ring
Copper deposition
hepatoma/hepatocellular cancer tx
liver transplant
tx acetominophen od
N-acetylcystine (NAC) (Mucomyst)**
Gastric ulcers link
gastric CA
Chronic granulomatous lesions- transmural extension/deep*
Chrons
Cobblestoning skip lesions
Chrons
Goldstandard Mesenteric ischemia
Angiography
• More extended and superficial- as compared to chrons*
UC
Farmers- soil
Whipple disease
colonscopy contraindicated
toxic megacolon DIVERTICULITIS
anytime do scope and see ulcer, must
bx
Virchow’s node*
gastric CA
Lynch
Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
Colon Cancer screening goldstandard
colonscopy
Colon cancer surveillance
CEA-125
Mainstay tx osteoporosis
Bisphsphonates
New bone is less compact, more bulky but more fragile
Paget
Most common malignant bone cancer
Osteosarcoma
fun of tendons and ligaments
support
Dashboard
PCL
- pain & swelling near base of thumb
- difficulty moving thumb and wrist when doing something that involves pinching or grasping
- sticking or stop and go sensation in your thumb when moving
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
a Finkelstein test, in which you bend your thumb across the palm of your hand and bend your fingers down over your thumb. Then you bend your wrist toward your little finger. If this causes pain on the thumb side of your wrist, you likely have
de Quervain’s tenosynovitis.
MC Rotator cuff injury
supraspinatus
Thompsons test
achilies- will plantar flex
Meniscus most likely to be injured
medial
S&S plantar fascitis
stabbing pain in bottom of foot, near the heel, usually worst first few steps after awakening. can also be triggered by long periods of standing, or getting up from seated position
“water on the elbow”
olecranon bursitis
• *Very important to correlate MRI findings with PE findings
DDD
MC MD
• Duchenne
lack of dystrophin
Duchenne
Compartment syndrome
- Pain out of proportion to injury (early sign)
- Pallor
- Pulselessness
- Paresthesias
- Paralysis
Tx compartment syndrom
emergent decompression (surgical)
MC arthritis
OA
MC septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus aureu
consider in adult younger than 30 years old septic arthritis can be
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody
specific for RA
*swan neck deformity
hyperextension PIP and flexion of MCP and DIP
Boutonniere
flexion of PIP and hyperextension DIP
ACR RA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
joint involvement, serology, acute phase reactants, duration of symptoms
mainstay treatment RA
NSAIDS
Butterfly” /malar rash
SLE
Anti-dsDNA
SLE
CREST meaning
- C: calcinosis (calcium deposits in tissues)
- R: Raynauds
- E: Esophageal dismotility
- S: Sclerodactyly
- T: Telangiectasis
when do we see crest
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (LCSS) 60%
Anti- Scl-70
scleraderma
AS gender
men
Bamboo spine”*
AS
HLA B27
AS
2-4 weeks after GI or GU infection*
REITER SYNDROME
• GI: Campylobacter
REITER SYNDROME
• GU: Chlamydia trachomatis!*
REITER SYNDROME
Classic triad reuters
- Arthritis
- Conjunctivitis (or ueveitis)
- Urethritis/cervicitis
– Red wine and beer (any excessive EtOH)*
GOUT
– Negatively birefringent crystals*
gout
• Allopurinol * MC
management of gout
