Pathoma tidbits Flashcards
How to differentiate between Wegeners and microscopic polyangiitis?
Wegeners: cANCA, nasopharyngeal involvement, granulomas
MP: pANCA
How does polyarteritis nodosa present? How does it present on imaging?
Young adult with hypertension, abd pain with melena, neuro, and skin lesions; string of pearls
How to differentiate between Churgg Strauss and microscopic polyangiitis?
Both have pANCA. CS: asthma, granulomas, eosinophils
What are the two effects of angiotensin II?
Arteriolar smooth muscle contraction and promoting adrenal release of aldosterone
Whats the first sign of atherosclerosis?
Fatty/intimal streak
What is the cause of hyaline arteriolosclerosis? Which 2 diseases cause it? How does it cause kidney failure?
Leakage of protein into wall, HTN and DM (non-enzymatic glycolization makes weak BM)
-glomerular scarring
What form of vessel calcification is benign?
Monckenberg, medial calcification, shoes up on Xrays or mammos
How does syphillis 3 lead to thoracic aneurysm? Hoe does it look? Complication?
Vaso vasorum endarteritis, tree-bark, aortic insufficiency
Where do AAA present?
Below renal arteries, before bifurcation
Where is the second most common location of hemangiomas? Liver angiosarcomas are associated with which exposure?
Liver; polyvinyl chloride and thorotrast
What cells are seen on histology in HF?
Hemosiderin laden macrophages
Which bug is associated wirh ehat type of endocarditis?
Staph aureus: high virulence, viridians strep: low virulence seen in damaged valve. strep epidermis: prosthetic valves. S bovis: colorectal carcinoma. Culture neg: HACEK
What are the two causes of sterile valve vegetations?
Hypercoagulable state and underlying carcinoma -> mitral regurg
What are the two consequences of returned blood flow post-MI?
Contraction band necrosis from ca influx and free radical generation from O2 and inflammatory cells
Whats the most common cause of ASD? Which kind is associated with Down Syndrome?
Ostium secundum; ostium primum
