pathoma necrosis

Question 1

necrosis

Answer 1

death of large group of cells followed by acute inflammation

due to some underlying pathologic process; never physiologic

divided into several types based on gross features

Question 2

coagulative necrosis

Answer 2

necrotic tissue that remain; cell shape and organ structure are preserved by coagulation of proteins, nucleus disappears

characteristic of ischemic infarction of any organ except the brain

area of infarcted tissue is often wedged shaped and pale

red infarction arises if blood re-enters a loosely organized tissue

Question 3

liquefactive necrosis

Answer 3

necrotic tissue that becomes liquefied; enzymatic lysis of cells and protein results in liquefaction

seen in: brain infarction (proteolytic enzymes from microglial cells liquefy the brain) or in abscess (proteolytic enzymes from neutrophils liquefy tissue) or in pancreatitis (proteolytic enzymes from pancreas liquefy parenchyma)

Question 4

gangrenous necrosis

Answer 4

coagulative necrosis that resembles mummified tissue

characteristic of ischemia of lower limb and GI tract

if superimposed infection of dead tissue occurs, then liquefactive necrosis ensues (wet gangrene)

Question 5

caseous necrosis

Answer 5

soft and friable necrotic tissue with cottage cheese like appearance

combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis

characteristic of granulomatous inflammation due to tuberculous or fungal infection

Question 6

fat necrosis

Answer 6

necrotic adipose tissue with chalky-white appearance due to deposition of calcium

characteristic of trauma to fat and pancreatitis-mediated damage of peripancreatic fat

fatty acids released by trauma or lipase join with calcium via a process called saponification a form of dystrophic calcification

Question 7

dystrophic calcification

Answer 7

in which calcium deposits on dead tissues. in dystrophic calcification, the necrotic tissue acts as a nidus for calcification in the setting of normal serum calcium and phosphate

Question 8

metastatic calcification

Answer 8

occurs when high serum calcium or phosphate levels lead to calcium deposition in normal tissue

Question 9

fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 9

necrotic damage to blood vessel wall

leaking of protein including fibrin into vessel walls resulting in bright pink staining of the wall

characteristic of malignant hypertension and vasculitis