Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

I3 Exam 1 > Pathoma Anemia section > Flashcards

Pathoma Anemia section Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MCV for microcytic anemia

A

MCV less than 80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the MCV for normocytic anemia

A

MCV 80 - 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the MCV for macrocytic anemia

A

greater than 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does MCV give you?

A

the size of the red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes microcytic anemia

A

low Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is heme made of

A

iron and protoporphorin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anemia of chronic disease

A

iron locked away in the macrophages due to an inflammatory state

  • low iron
  • low heme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which anemia has a decrease in protophorin

A

sideroblastic anemia

- microcytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is thalasemia

A

decreased production of globin chain = decreased Hb

- microcytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 microcytic anemias

A

iron def., ACD, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does absorption of iron occur

A

duodenum, enterocytes transport iron into blood via ferroportin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of ferroportin

A

key transporter that takes iron from the enterocyte and places it in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does transferrin do

A

binds iron and transports it to liver and bone marrow macrophages and then stored in the cell bound to ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is iron bound to when it is being stored?

A

ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do you measure if you want to measure how many transferrin is in the blood

A

TIBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would you use to calculate how much iron is present in the storage sites

A

serum ferritin

17
Q

How does a gastrectomy lead to iron def. anemia

A

Fe2+ is more easily absorbed

  • acid maintains the Fe2+ state and more readily absorbed
  • losing part of the stomach = decreased acid = decreased iron in the 2+ state
18
Q

What is the measure of storage iron?

A

ferritin

19
Q

What happens when ferritin go down

A

TIBC goes up, which shows a decrease in transferrin

20
Q

What are three features of iron deficiency

A

anemia, koilonychia (spoon shaped nails), pica (chew on abnormal things)

21
Q

What is the RDW in iron deficiency anemia

A

increased RDW = increased spectrum of size of RBC size

22
Q

What will the ferritin levels be in a patient with iron def. anemia

A

decreased ferritin

23
Q

What is the treatment for iron def anemia

A

ferrous sulfate to replace the iron

24
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

iron def. anemia

  • beefy red tongue
  • anemia
  • dysphagia
25
Q

hepcidin

A

sequesters iron in storage sites, locks iron in

- heme is low, so it results in microcytic anemia

26
Q

what will be the levels of ferritin in ACD

A

high ferritin, so you will have low TIBC (low number of transferrin in the blood)

27
Q

What type of anemia is ACD

A

microcytic anemia but can also sometimes be normocytic

28
Q

What is the treatment of ACD

A

exogenous EPO

29
Q

What causes sideroblastic anemia

A

decreased protoporphyrin = microcytic anemia

30
Q

What does ALA synthase catalyze

A

Succinyl Coa to ALA

31
Q

What is the rate limiting step in the production of ALA

A

ALA synthase

32
Q

What is a cofactor for ALA synthase

A

vitamin B6

33
Q

What does ALA dehydrogenase catalyze

A

ALA to prophobilinigen

34
Q

What is the role of ferrochelatase

A

catalyzes the reaction of protoporhyrin and iron to heme in the mitochondria

35
Q

Where is the iron present in sideroblastic anemia

A

iron is trapped in the mitochondria

36
Q

What is the most common cause of congenital sideroblastic anemia

A

defect in ALAS (rate limiting that catalyzes succinyl Coa to ALA enzyme)

37
Q

What is the most common cause of acquired sideroblastic anemia

A
  • alcoholism (mitochondrial poison, don’t make protoporhyrin)
  • lead poisoning - denatures ALAD and ferochelatase
  • Vitamin B6 (ALAS won’t function properly,)
38
Q

What denatures and what happens if you have a defect in ALAD or ferrochetalase

A

ALAD - decrease protoporphyrin and it will get trapped in the mito

ferrochetelease - won’t make heme

39
Q

What will the ferritin levels be in sideroblastic levels

A

high stores of iron in bone marrow macrophages and high levels of serum iron
- store all the iron from all the dead erythroid precursors

I3 Exam 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions