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Pathology (tumor markers and paraneoplastic disorders) Flashcards

1
Q

FGF

A

angiogenesis

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2
Q

TGF beta

A

angiogenesis

fibrosis

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3
Q

VEGF

A

angiogenesis

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4
Q

PDGF

A

From activated platelets and macrophages

vascular remodeling
smooth mm cell migration
fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis

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5
Q

MEtalloproteinases

A

tissue remodeling

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6
Q

EGF

A

stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases

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7
Q

Epithelial origin cancer

A

carcinoma

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8
Q

Mesenchymal cancer

A

sarcoma

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9
Q

Disorganized buy native location

A

hamartoma

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10
Q

Normal tissue but foreign location

A

choristoma

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11
Q

smooth muscle tumor of mesenchyme origin

A

leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma

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12
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

adenocarcinoma (esp. ovarian)

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13
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

Leser trelat

A

GI adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

(abnormal proliferation of skin and bone at distal extremities –> clubbing, arthralgia, joint effusions, periostosis of tubular bones)

A

lung adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

hypercalcemia due to PTHrP

A

SCC of lung, head, neck

renal, bladder, breast, and ovarian carcinomas

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17
Q

Hypercalcemia due to increased Calcitriol

A

lymphoma

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18
Q

Cushings syndrome

A

Small cell lung cancer

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19
Q

SIADH

A

small cell lung cancer

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20
Q

Polycythemia

A

Pheochromocytoma

RCC

HCC

Hemangioblastoma

Leiomyoma

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21
Q

Pure red cell aplasia

anemia with low reticulocytes

A

thymoma

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22
Q

Good syndrome

hypogammaglobulinemia

A

Thymoma

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23
Q

Trousseau syndrome

migratory superficial thrombophlebitis

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

Nonbacterial Thrombotic endocarditis

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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25
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis - psychiatric disturbances - memory deficits - seizures - dyskinesia - autonomic instability - language dysfunction
Ovarian teratoma
26
Opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome "dancing eyes and feet"
Neuroblastoma in children Small cell lung cancer in adults
27
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration Ab against antigens in purkinje cells
small cell lung cancer (anti-hu) gynecologic and breast cancer (anti-yo) Hodgkin lymphoma (anti-tri)
28
Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis Ab against Hu antigens in neurons
Small cell lung cancer
29
lambert eaton
small cell lung cancer
30
myasthenia gravis
thymoma
31
ALK
protooncogene receptor tyrosine kinase think Adenocarcinoma Lung Kinase
32
BCR-ABL
protooncogene Tyrosine kinase CML ALL
33
BCL-2
protooncogene antiapoptotic molecule follicular and diffuse large b cell lymphoma think "BCL= B Cell Lymphoma"
34
BRAF
protooncogene Serine/threonine kinase melanoma non hodgkin lymphoma pap thyroid carinoma
35
C-KIT
protooncogene cytokine receptor Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
36
C-MYC
protooncogene Transcription factor Burkitt lymphoma
37
HER2/neu
protooncogene Receptor tyrosine kinase breast and gastric
38
JAK2
protooncogene tyrosine kinase Chronic myeloproliferative disorders
39
KRAS
protooncogene GTPase Colon lung pancreatic
40
MYCL1
protooncogene Transcription factor think L stands for lung
41
N-MYC
protooncogene Transcription factor N=neuroblastoma
42
RET
protooncogene receptor tyrosine kinase MEN2A MEN2B Papillary thyroid carcinoma
43
APC
tumor suppressor gene negative regulator of beta catenin/WNT pathway colorectal cancer in FAP
44
BRCA1 BRCA2
tumor suppressor gene DNA repair breast ovarian pancreatic cancer
45
CDKN2A
tumor suppressor gene p16, blocks G1-S melanoma and pancreatic
46
DCC
tumor suppressor gene think deleted in colon cancer
47
SMAD4(DPC4)
tumor suppressor gene think deleted in pancreatic cancer
48
MEN1
tumor suppressor gene Menin
49
NF1
tumor suppressor gene neurofibromin (Ras GTPase activating protein)
50
NF2
tumor suppressor gene Merlin (schwannomin) protein
51
PTEN
tumor suppressor gene negatively regulates P13k/AKT pathway breast, prostate, endometrial cancer
52
Rb
tumor suppressor gene inhibits E2F and blocks G1--> S retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma
53
TP53
tumor suppressor gene P53 activates p21 and blocks G1-->S phase Li fraumeni syndrome: sarcoma, breast, leukemia, adrenal gland cancer
54
TSC1
tumor suppressor gene hamartin protein in tuberous sclerosis
55
TSC2
tumor suppressor gene Tuberin protein in tuberous sclerosis
56
VHL
tumor suppressor gene inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1 a VHL
57
WT1
tumor suppressor gene transcription factor that regulates urogenital development
58
Liver fluke causes what cancer
cholangiocarinoma
59
EBV causes what cancers
Burkitt Hodgkin Nasopharyngeal primary lymphoma
60
aflatoxins
HCC
61
alkylating agents
leukemia/lymphoma
62
aromatic amines
Transitional call carcinoma in bladder
63
arsenic
Liver angiosarcoma lung cancer SCC of skin
64
Ethanol
SCC esophagus | HCC
65
nitrosamines in smoked foods
gastric cancer
66
radon as by product of uranium decay
lung cancer
67
vinyl chloride in PVC pipes (seen in plumbers)
Liver angiosarcoma
68
Psammomma bodies
PSaMMoma papillary carcinoma of thyroid Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary Meningioma Malignant mesothelioma
69
alpha fetoprotein
low in downs syndrome High in... ``` HCC Endodermal sinus (yolk sac tumor) Mixed germ cell Ataxia telangiectasia Neural tube "HE-MAN" ```
70
beta HCG
hydatiform moles choriocarcinoma testicular cancer mixed germ cell tumor
71
CA 15-3/CA 27-29
Breast cancer
72
CA 19-9
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
73
CA 125
ovarian cancer
74
Calcitonin
medullary thyroid carcinoma MEN2A MEN2B
75
CEA
carcinoembryonic antigen colorectal and pancreatic
76
chromagranin
neuroendocrine tumors
77
LDH
testicular, ovarian dysgerminoma,
78
PSA
prostate BPH prostatitis
79
vimentin stain
mesenchymal tissue sarcomas
80
s-100 stain
neural crest cells
81
Desmin stain
muscle
82
Cytokeratin stain
epithelial cells
83
GFAP stain
Neuroglia
84
Neurofilament stain
neurons
85
Chromgranin and synaptophysin
neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of lung or carcinoid tumor
86
Cancer incidence in men, women, children
men: prostate>lung>colon women: breast>lung> colon kids: leukemia>CNS>neuroblastoma
87
cancer mortality in men, women, children
men: lung>prostate> colon women: lung>breast>colon Kids: leukemia>CNS>neuroblastoma
88
sarcomas spread
hematogenously
89
carcinomas spread
lymphatics except follicular choriocarcinoma RCC HCC
90
Metastasis to brain
lung>breast>melanoma,colon, kidney
91
metastasis to liver
colon>>stomach>pancreas
92
metastasis to bone (axial skeleton)
prostate/breast> kidney, thyroid, lung, lead breast mixed prostate is blastic rest are lytic

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