Pathology practical Flashcards
What secondary changes can be seen with PDA
Pulmonary hypertension
Right and left ventricular hypertrophy
Cardiac failure
In which breed can PDA be inherited?
Poodles
Can a small PDA give rise to pulmonary hypertension?
No
What secondary changes can be seen with a ventricular septal defect?
Right ventricle dilated
Ventricular hypertrophy (eccentric hypertrophy)
VC congestion +/- liver congestion
Where is the most common VSD?
Septum membranosus
What is the most likely cause of haemopericardium?
Haemangiosarcoma
When might you see peridcarditis in small animals?
Cases of FIP
What is the likely cause of myocarditis in a 4-month old puppy which collapsed and died suddenly.
Parvovirus
Valves are thickened with adhering, friable, yellow to gray exudate
large crumbly cauliflower-like vegetations on leaflet
What does this suggest?
Vegetative endocarditis
Possible sequelae of vegetative Endocarditis
Rupture of the chordae tendinae with spread to the mural endocardium.
Death occurs from congestive cardiac failure and the affects of embolisation
Septic emboli - in various organs, particularly the kidneys leading to multi organ failure
Valves are thickened, irregular and have a nodular surface. They are white and opaque, but still have a smooth shiny surface
What does this suggest?
Vegetative endocardiosis
What histological changes might you expect to see in the lungs when in cardiac failure
Congestion and oedema
What is a ‘nutmeg’ liver?
Caused by congestive heart failure (backward failure) - impaired venous return and hence systemic venous engorgement.
Diffuse, patchy, mottled
Dilated and congested red central veins surrounded by paler, unaffected liver tissue.
Central lobular congestion causing the central hepatocytes to become hypoxic and necrose
Histology of renal lymphoma
Infiltrate of small round cells (lymphocytes) - basophilic, minimal cytoplasm, invading into the tissues.
