Pathology Pictures

Question 1

Answer 1

• Vasodilation
• Redness
• Pus associated with meningitis
  *

Question 2

What are the abnormal findings in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 2

• Cogested vessels
• Background of stringy exudate
• Proteinaceous exudate
  
  • Cells - neutrophils

Question 3

What are features of acute inflammation are seen in this photograph?

Answer 3

• Swelling
• Redness
• Pus

Question 4

What are the cells lining these vessels?

What is the organisation of these cells termed?

What adhesion molecules are involved?

Answer 4

Question 5

How will this heal?

Answer 5

Primary intention - the skin edges are placed in close proximity

Question 6

How will this type of wound be treated, and what otehr options could be considered?

Answer 6

• Suture what can be sutured
• The area devoid of skin would heal by secondary intention
• Skin grafting can be done

Question 7

What are the structures indicated

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Where do cells that are responsible for producing new bone come from?

Answer 9

Pluripotent cell derived from the periosteum and bone marrow

Question 10

5 months post fracture, what has happened?

Answer 10

Non union has occurred. The fibula and Tibia have not healed together.

Question 11

Diagnosis is fibrous non-union.

What are some of the reasosn that this has occurred

Answer 11

S = Fibrous connective tissue

T = Woven bone

Reasons:

• Excessive movement
• Not enough movement
• Infection
• Poor blood supply
• Poor nutrition
• Medications

Question 12

Answer 12

Varus deforminity - bow legs.

Quadricepts muscles wasted.

On examination:

• Decreased range of movement
• osteophyte formation
• Crepitus
• Pain

Question 13

Answer 13

This Xray is of osteoarthritis

There is:

• Loss of joint space medially
• Sclerosis of adjacent bone
• Osteophytes

Question 14

Answer 14

The articular cartilage on both is pitted with erosion of the cartilage exposing the underlying bone on the right fermoral condyle.

Question 15

Describe this femoral head

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Cartilage showing:

• Loss of the typical bluish staining
• Small islands of hyperplasia of the chondrocytes on the right
• On the left the surface has become frayed which is termed fibrillation
• Bits of cartilage may dislodge from here to from ‘joint mice’

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

The main feature is the erosion of the bone at the periphery of the joint.

Pannus is modified synovium which is situated at the periphery of the joint.

Question 19

Answer 19

The red material is residual pannus, it is red and inflammed.

There is erosion and damage to the underlying bone due to the overlying pannus (now removed).

Question 20

Answer 20

It’s soft tissue pannus

A fleshy fibroinflammatory tissue which has developed from the synovium of the joint

Question 21

Answer 21

Fleshy fronds of synovium with the darkly stained areas representing chronic inflammatory cells

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Acute gout.

The greated toed MTP joint is markedly swollen with swelling also of the majority of the fore foot. The foot is red and would be hot to palpation. It would be extremely painful.

Question 24

What’s this?

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Uric acid crystals

Question 27

Answer 27

This fluid has been aspirated from an infected joint. Under microscope it will show a fibrinous protein exudate and a cellular exudate comprimising neutrophils and macrophages.

Question 28

Answer 28

* The brain is swollen * Vessels are dilated and congested * There is pus in the subarachnoid space * The features are of acute inflammation

Question 29

Pic of normal meninges

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

What can be seen in this image of the meninges

Answer 31

Shows an extensive infiltrate into the subarachnoid space. This comprises neutrophils indicating acute inflammation.

Question 32

Answer 32

The small nodules throughout the meninges are granulomata

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

This granuloma shows what features?

Answer 34

* Central caseous necrosis * Surrounding infiltrate of epithelioid cells and occasional giant cells * Scattered mononuclear cells at the periphery

Question 35

What does this image of a neutrophil show?

Answer 35

It cotains diplococcus orgaisms And there's an absence of platelets

Question 36

What can be seen in this gran stain?

Answer 36

Question 37

Question 38

How big are ecchymoses, purapura and petechiae?

Answer 38

Ecchymosis: Large purple patch, \>1cm Purapura: Haemorrhage \<1cm size Petechiae: pinpoin haemorrhage \<1mm

Question 39

This pic is of a glomerulus

Answer 39

Cotains fibrin thrombi. This is a result of DIC with fibrin and thrombi forming in the capillary network throughout the body. As a result the GFR would be compromised and she would go into renal faliure.