Pathology Pictures Flashcards
- Vasodilation
- Redness
- Pus associated with meningitis
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What are the abnormal findings in the subarachnoid space?
- Cogested vessels
- Background of stringy exudate
- Proteinaceous exudate
- Cells - neutrophils
What are features of acute inflammation are seen in this photograph?
- Swelling
- Redness
- Pus
What are the cells lining these vessels?
What is the organisation of these cells termed?
What adhesion molecules are involved?
How will this heal?
Primary intention - the skin edges are placed in close proximity
How will this type of wound be treated, and what otehr options could be considered?
- Suture what can be sutured
- The area devoid of skin would heal by secondary intention
- Skin grafting can be done
What are the structures indicated
Where do cells that are responsible for producing new bone come from?
Pluripotent cell derived from the periosteum and bone marrow
5 months post fracture, what has happened?
Non union has occurred. The fibula and Tibia have not healed together.
Diagnosis is fibrous non-union.
What are some of the reasosn that this has occurred
S = Fibrous connective tissue
T = Woven bone
Reasons:
- Excessive movement
- Not enough movement
- Infection
- Poor blood supply
- Poor nutrition
- Medications
Varus deforminity - bow legs.
Quadricepts muscles wasted.
On examination:
- Decreased range of movement
- osteophyte formation
- Crepitus
- Pain
This Xray is of osteoarthritis
There is:
- Loss of joint space medially
- Sclerosis of adjacent bone
- Osteophytes
The articular cartilage on both is pitted with erosion of the cartilage exposing the underlying bone on the right fermoral condyle.
Describe this femoral head
Cartilage showing:
- Loss of the typical bluish staining
- Small islands of hyperplasia of the chondrocytes on the right
- On the left the surface has become frayed which is termed fibrillation
- Bits of cartilage may dislodge from here to from ‘joint mice’
The main feature is the erosion of the bone at the periphery of the joint.
Pannus is modified synovium which is situated at the periphery of the joint.
The red material is residual pannus, it is red and inflammed.
There is erosion and damage to the underlying bone due to the overlying pannus (now removed).
It’s soft tissue pannus
A fleshy fibroinflammatory tissue which has developed from the synovium of the joint
Fleshy fronds of synovium with the darkly stained areas representing chronic inflammatory cells
Acute gout.
The greated toed MTP joint is markedly swollen with swelling also of the majority of the fore foot. The foot is red and would be hot to palpation. It would be extremely painful.
What’s this?
Uric acid crystals
This fluid has been aspirated from an infected joint.
Under microscope it will show a fibrinous protein exudate and a cellular exudate comprimising neutrophils and macrophages.
- The brain is swollen
- Vessels are dilated and congested
- There is pus in the subarachnoid space
- The features are of acute inflammation
Pic of normal meninges
What can be seen in this image of the meninges
Shows an extensive infiltrate into the subarachnoid space.
This comprises neutrophils indicating acute inflammation.
The small nodules throughout the meninges are granulomata
This granuloma shows what features?
- Central caseous necrosis
- Surrounding infiltrate of epithelioid cells and occasional giant cells
- Scattered mononuclear cells at the periphery
What does this image of a neutrophil show?
It cotains diplococcus orgaisms
And there’s an absence of platelets
What can be seen in this gran stain?
This pic is of a glomerulus
Cotains fibrin thrombi.
This is a result of DIC with fibrin and thrombi forming in the capillary network throughout the body.
As a result the GFR would be compromised and she would go into renal faliure.
