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Pathology Pelvis > Pathology Pelvis Male and Female > Flashcards

Pathology Pelvis Male and Female Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Prostate appereance MRI

A

T1- inhomogeneous sig without zone differentiation
T2-Peripheral zone, largest portion shows homogenous
Central Zone- homogenous

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2
Q

Slow growing, Older men >50, (PSA) blood test and digital rectal exam, Genetics and Diet, Frequency to urinate “at night”, Surgery and radiation, T2 low sig with high sig in peripheral zone

A

Prostatic Carcinoma

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3
Q

Rare, Malignant, heaviness in scrotum, painless lump or enlargement, If lump is cancerous the entire testicle is removed

A

Testicular Cancer

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4
Q

Testicular Cancer MRI appearance

A

T2- high/mixed signal

T1 GAD- Enhancement

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5
Q

3 classifications of Testicular Cancer

A
  1. Confined to the testicle
  2. Spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen
  3. Spread beyond the lymph nodes to other regions of the body such as lungs and liver
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6
Q

Associated with Inflammatory bowel disease, more common in males, pain and defecation, Fistulotomy

A

Fistula

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7
Q

Fistula MRI appearance

A

T1- ISO
T2- Hyper
GAD- Enhancing

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8
Q

Seminoma

A

30-50’s, treated early means recovery

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9
Q

Nonseminoma

A

Develop earlier in life than seminomas, late teens and early 40’s, Teratoma and yolk sac,

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10
Q

Only develops fully in females, Present in the human embryo, If this structure does not fuse bicornate uterus is formed

A

Mullerian Duct

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11
Q

Most common congenital uterine anomaly

A

Bicornuate Uterus

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12
Q

2 horns, Incidental, Infertility not a problem, loss of pregnancy and cervicle incompetence, Higher percentage of miscarriages, placenta may develop on the inner wall (inadequate blood supply), Heart shape

A

Bicornuate Uterus

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13
Q

Each endometrial cavity appears smaller than normal cavity, 90% miscarriage rate, premature birth, Shaved off during hysteroscopy,

A

Septate Uterus

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14
Q

Fundus appears normal

A

Septate Uterus

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15
Q

20-30% premenopausal women, Ultrasound is the modality of choice, Asymptomatic, abnormal menstruation

A

Fibroids

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16
Q

Another name for Fibroids

A

Uterine Leiomyoma

17
Q

MRI Appearance for Fibroids

A

T1 and T2 variable signal
T1- hyper if acute hemorrhage is present
May require embolization, hysterectomy or myomectomy

18
Q

May be seen postmenopausal women or reproductive age women, 2.5-3cm can’t be differentiated from normal mature follicles, Surgery for larger than 5cm, (Endometriomas, Cystadenomas, Dermoid)

A

Ovarian cysts

19
Q

MRI appearance for ovarian cysts

A

T1- low signal

T2- high signal

20
Q

Most common BENIGN tumor of the uterus

A

Fibroids

21
Q

What is another name for a dermoid cyst

A

teratoma

22
Q

Develops from a primary oocyte, Asymptomatic, greater risk of rupture, palpable mass, Can occur at any age primary age of childbearing years ad 30, 1-45cm in diameter

A

Dermoid Cyst

23
Q

MRI appearance for a Dermoid Cyst

A

T1- cyst hyper
T2- ISO
FAT SAT- fat within cyst

24
Q

Benign, contains several diversity of tissues

A

Dermoid cyst

25
Q

Ovaries are slightly larger than normal, Irregular menses, excess body hair, abnormal levels of estrogen, multiple follicles accumulate in the ovaries, varying states

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

26
Q

6-10% of women, Infertility rate is high

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

27
Q

Arising from the epithelial tissue, Asymptomatic (spreads quickly), Older women higher risk, vaginal bleeding, weight gain or loss, 5 year survival rate if 28% mets present, bloating, abnormal menses, Surgery, Silent killer

A

Ovarian Carcinoma

28
Q

Malignant 5th leading cause of cancer death in women

A

Ovarian Carcinoma

29
Q

CT gold standard

A

Ovarian Carcinoma

30
Q

15-22cm diameter, 2-4cm thick, fully formed during the fourth month of pregnancy

A

Placenta

31
Q

Early separation from the walls of the uterus,

A

Placenta Abruption

32
Q

Use cocaine, previous abruption, trauma, UNKNOWN, Inducing delivery, c-section, patients health, blood loss, after 35, 4-5 children, pregnant with twins

A

Placenta Abruption

33
Q

Placenta lies below the baby and may completely block the cervix, fertilized egg attaches to the lower part of the uterus

A

Placenta Previa

34
Q

Older than 35, more than one previous delivery, bright red bleeding, if severe bleeding the baby is usually delivered ASAP

A

Placenta Previa

35
Q

Placenta that uses Ultra sound

A

Placenta Previa

36
Q

Placenta attaches to deep in the uterine wall

A

Placenta Accreta

37
Q

Prematurity complication, potential for mother to haemorrhage is baby is delivered naturally, C-section, 35+, previously pregnant, 10% of all cases of placenta previa, Hysterectomy if haemorrhage is uncontrollable

A

Placenta Accreta

Pathology Pelvis (1 decks)

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